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What does Moore's law state?
the number of transistors that can be placed inexpensively on an integrated circuit doubles approx. every 2 years
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What do the x and y axes of the' Emerging T-Profile' indicate? 
- x: breadth of knowledge
- y: depth of knowledge
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What are the 4 stages of the 'Emerging T-Profile'?
- 1. school
- 2. undergrad
- 3. postgrad
- 4. experiential learning
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What is 'Systems Engineering' (SE)?
- A mix of all engineering and business disciplines, used to form a structured development process that leads from concept to production to operation.
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For what 4 reasons does SE fail? (often for large-scale, socio-technical systems)
- 1. it's linear
- 2. it needs set requirements
- 3. doesn't understand indirect effects
- 4. lacks understanding at operation/management level
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What is the opposite of 'complicated'?
simple
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What is the opposite of complex?
independent
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What characteristics does an 'Engineering System' (ES) have?
High degree of technical complexity, social intricacy and elabortate processes.
Aims at fulfilling a function in society.
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What does the 'System's Approach' aim to do?
Understand a part in the context of the whole, interacting with, and adapting to, its environment.
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What are the 3 ways a problem can be addressed?
- 1. Resolved - good enough approach
- 2. Dissolved - change the situation so it disappears
- 3. Solved - fixed it
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What is 'Interdependence'?
The reliance and effect parts may have on one another
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What's the best why to observe a part's interdependence in a system?
Remove the part
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What is 'Model-Based Systems Engineering' (MBSE)?
Using a model as the centeral foundation of a process and gain insite into engineering the solution
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What is the difference between modelling and simulation?
Modelling: creates a mathematical (or other) formulation to describe behaviour
Simulation: applies computational models to predict events in behaviour
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What is the theory behind 'Agent-based Mdoeling & Simulation' (ABMS)?
Model smaller agents and allow them to interact autonomously in an environemtn to simulate their interaction. Agents interacting with other agents.
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What does complexity measure?
The difficulty in describing and modelling a system, and thus the difficulty in predicting it.
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What are the 3 attributes of complexity?
- 1. many parts
- 2. many relationships
- 3. emergence (combined, not easily forseen effects. eg. neurons)
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Define the 'Organismic Analogy'
In many ways, systems bahave as organisms
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What is emergence?
Effects produced by interacting parts, that are not apparent from individual examination (e.g. neurons)
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How does SE deal with complex projects?
Decomposes them into manageable protions. Whole=sum of the parts
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How doi ES deal with complex projects?
Study and harness interactions to form a whole<sum of the parts
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What are the two ways of constructing a static or dynamic body?
- Top-down (control)
- Bottom-up (interaction)
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What is 'Self-organised Criticality'?
A state the some systems drive themselves to in which they are always on the brink of collapse but never go over (e.g. the river Nile)
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What is evolution (in a systems context)?
the idea of change and natural selection within a system/collection of systems that allows it to adapt to the changing environment.
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