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Sleep disorders
- Sleep needs incr during times of stress, illness, etc.
- Insomnia
- Hypersomnia
- Narcolepsy
- Parasomnias
- Sleep-wake schedule disturbances
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Insomnia
- More common in women
- Occurs @ early adulthood
- Difficulty initiating or maintaining sleep
- Primary insomnias: DFA (difficulty falling asleep), EMA (early morning awakening)
- Secondary insomnias: secondary to medical conditions
- Dx: at least 1 month duration and impairment due to decr sleep
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Hypersomnia
- More common in men
- Excessive sleepiness w/o medical or psychosocial causes
- Occurs at times should be awake
- Dx: occurs for at least 1 month, occurs w/ some impairment in functioning
- Causes concentration memory and productivity problems which interferes with social and occupational functioning
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Narcolepsy
- Excessive sleepiness w/ sleep attacks (can't prevent falling asleep)
- 70% also have cataplexy (sudden loss of muscle tone, jaw dropping, head dropping, weakness of knees
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Parasomnias
- Nightmares
- Night terrors - abrupt arousal from sleep w/ piercing yell or cry; difficult to awaken; disoriented; fearful; don't remember terror
- Sleep walking - return to bed w/ no memory of event
- Unusual or undesirable behaviors that occur during sleep
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Sleep-wake schedule disturbance
- Nurses
- Disturbance in circadian rhythm
- Precipitated by shift workers, night shift nurses
- Unable to sleep or be awake when want to, but can do so at other times
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Sleep hygiene
- Practices that help develop sleep ritual and sleep better
- Sleep ritual - go to bed at same time, wake up at same time, same routine before bed
- No caffeine - after dinner or after morning coffee
- Comfort measures - room is appropriate temp, dark
- No alcohol - lowers quality of sleep
- No napping
- No strenuous exercise before bedtime
- No talking on cell phone before bed
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