genetics

chloroplast DNA

refers to the inheritance of genetic material that is not found within the cell nucleus

in the case of imprinting, a site that is methylated during spermatogenesis or oogenesis, but not both. It contain binding sites for one or more proteins. located near imprinted gene

An inheritance pattern in which a modification to a nuclear gene or chromosome alters gene expression in an organsm, but the expression is not changed permanantely over the course of many generations

refers to the inheritance of genetic material that is not found within the nucleus

example of epigenic inheritance. A pattern of inheritance that involves a change in a single gene or chromosome during gamete formation. Dpepending on whether the modification occurs during spermatogenesis or oogenesis, imprinting governs whether an offspring will express a gene that has been inherited from its mother or father

an inheritance pattern for certain nuclear genes in which the genotype of the mother directly determines the phenotype traits of her offspring

inheritance of DNA that occurs through the cytoplasm of the egg

mitochondrial DNA

aka map unit, a unit of map distance obtained from genetic crosses.

refers to the occurrence of two or more genes along the same chromosome

a group of genes that are linked together because they are found on the same chromosome

mapping of genes or other genetic sequences along a chromosome by analyzing the outcome of crosses

unit of map distance obtained from genetic crosses. one map unit is equivalent to 1% recombinant offspring in a testcross

in a testcross, refers to a phenotype or arrangement of allels on a chromosome that is the same as one or both members of the parental generation

combination of allels or traits that are not found in the parental generation

A strain that cannot synthesize a particular nutrient and needs that nutrient supplement in its growth medium or diet

virus that infects bacteria

cells that can be transormed by extracellular DNA

for a microorganism, a medium that supplies all the ingredients required for growth and reproduction, including those normally produced by the wildtype organism

a form of genetic transfer between bacteria that involves direct physical interaction between two bacterial cells. one bacterium acts as donor and transfer to the recipient cell

a fertility factor found in certainstrains of bacteria in addition to their circular chromosome. strains of bacteria that contain an F factor are designated F+; strains w/o F factor are F-.

a form of transduction in which any piece of the bacterial chromosomal DNA can be incorporated into a phage

a bacterial strain in which an F factor has become integrated into the bacterial chromosome. during conjugation, an Hfr strain can transfer segments of the bacterial chromosome

a type of growth cycle for a phage in which the phage integrates its genetic material into the chromosome of the bacterium. this integrated phage DNA can exist in a dormant state for a long time, during which no new bacteriophages are made

A TYPE OF GROTH CYCLE FOR A PHAGE IN WHICH THE PHAGE DIRECTS THE SYNTHESIS OF MANY COPIES OF THE PHAGE GENETIC MATERIAL AND COAT PROTEINS. THESE COMPONENTS THEN ASSEMBLE TO MAKE NEW PHAGES. WHEN SYNTHESIS AND ASSEMBLY IS COMPLETED, THE BACTERIAL HOST CELL IS LYSED AND THE NEWLY MADE PHAGES ARE RELEASED INTO THE ENVIRONMENT

for a microorganism, a medium that contains the simplest set of ingredients (sugar, some salts, and trace elements) required for the growth and reproduction of wild type cells.

a general name used to describe circular pieces of DNA that exist independently of the chromosomal DNA. Some plasmids are used as vectors in cloning experiments

phage DNA that has been integrated into the bacterial chromosome

A strain that does not need a particular nutrient supplemented in its growth medium or diet

a protein complex that recognizes the origin of transfer in F factors and other cojugative plasmids, cuts one DNA strand, and aids in the transfer of the tDNA

a temperate bacteriophage that can transfer only a certain section of the bacterial chromosome from one bacterium to another

a type of transduction in which only specific genes are transferred from one bacterium to another

a bacteriophage that usually exist in the lysogenic cycle

a form of genetic transfer between bacterial cells in which a bacteriophage transfer bacterial DNA from one bacterium to another.

a phage that follows the lytic cycle