PhilosophyMidterm

• Sensation
• Memory and present

Reason/Mind = Eternal

How the body and soul are separate but work together

Consists of evidence that supports the truth of the conclusion

Individual statements of the evidence are offered to prove the conclusion

• Statement of the claim that is being proven
• Clues: Thus, therefore, hence

• Unstated but necessary premises of an argument
• "The witness is reliable"

Logical connection between the premises and the conclusion

Science of determining good inferences from different arguments

Explanations offer an account as to WHY something happened or HOW

An argument is trying to PROVE that something actually happened

Evidence that helps explain WHY (not that) a phenomenon occured

Phenomenon being explained

• one in which the truth of the conclusion necessarily followd the truth of the premises
• If premises are true than conclusion must be true

Argument with 2 premises that necessarily prove the conclusion

Premises/conclusions are CS (all, no, some)

All Alaskans are mortal/All UAA students are Alaskans/UAA students are mortal

If, then statment

Or statement

Refers to the form of an argument and is not related to its truth. Assume premises are true/cant conclude it's false so it must be true

• Deductive argument which when sound is
• 1) Valid
• 2) Has true premises

One where the truth of the premises probably entails the truth of the conclusion

Strong and valid premises

Lack of evidence or a claim doesn't prove it's opposite

interference made without a lot of examples/evidence

• X then Y
• X Caused Why

Proposed but unlikely chain of events -> Disaster

Conclusion is implied in one of it's premises

Presupposes a conclusion

"So how long have you beaten your wife?"

• Argument that doesn't present relevant alternatives
• forces false choice between 2 options

critical information that would disprove conclusion

Argument uses same term with 2 different meanings

Misinterpretation of an amiguous statement

Confusing attributes of that part(s) of something whole

• Attributes of whole are confused with parts
• Football is a violent sport/Football players are violent people