Chapter 2 Social Studies

a device that enabled navigators to learn their ship’s location by charting the position of the stars

used triangular sails that, unlike traditional square sails, allowed ships to sail against the wind

Imaginary Line that allowed Spain to claim west of all land west of the line.

moved the Line of Demarcation 800 miles further west

When europeans brought back a variety of plants and animals to Europe, Asia, and Africa. This transfer became known this because it started with Columbus's explorations.

soldiers who led military expeditions in the Americas

It gave settlers the right to tax local Native Americans or to make them work. In exchange, these settlers were supposed to protect the Native American people and convert them to Christianity

large farms that grew just one kind of crop

This religious movement began in small German towns but quickly spread to most of Europe

a huge fleet of warships meant to end the English plans

a water route through North America that would allow ships to sail from the Atlantic to the Pacific

a document giving him permission to start a colony

was the voyage across the Atlantic Ocean that enslaved Africans were forced to endure

when Enslaved Africans were sent all across the New World

a machine that produces printed copies using movable type that helped the Reformation

wrote on on the Power and Efficacy of Indulgences by Martin Luther