a device that enabled navigators to learn their ship’s location by charting the position of the stars
Astrolabe
used triangular sails that, unlike traditional square sails, allowed ships to sail against the wind
Caravels
Imaginary Line that allowed Spain to claim west of all land west of the line.
Line of Demarcation
moved the Line of Demarcation 800 miles further west
Treaty of Tordesillas
When europeans brought back a variety of plants and animals to Europe, Asia, and Africa. This transfer became known this because it started with Columbus's explorations.
Columbian Exchange
soldiers who led military expeditions in the Americas
conquistadors
It gave settlers the right to tax local Native Americans or to make them work. In exchange, these settlers were supposed to protect the Native American people and convert them to Christianity
Encomienda System
large farms that grew just one kind of crop
Plantations
This religious movement began in small German towns but quickly spread to most of Europe
Protestant Reformation
a huge fleet of warships meant to end the English plans
Spanish Armada
a water route through North America that would allow ships to sail from the Atlantic to the Pacific
Northwest Passage
a document giving him permission to start a colony
charter
was the voyage across the Atlantic Ocean that enslaved Africans were forced to endure
Middle Passage
when Enslaved Africans were sent all across the New World
African Diaspora
a machine that produces printed copies using movable type that helped the Reformation
Printing press
wrote on on the Power and Efficacy of Indulgences by Martin Luther