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A precise description of the drug's chemical compostion
Chemical name
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Identifies drugs active ingredient, is assigned by the manufacture that first develops the drug, only 1
Generic name
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Selected by the drug company that sells the drug and is protected by trademark and can have several different names
Trade or Brand name
-
onset, duration, and intensity
Pharmokinetics
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What the body does to the drug
Pharmokynetics
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Process by which the drug is transferred from its site of entry into the body to the bloodstream
Absorption
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What are some factors that influence absorption?
- Route of Administration
- lipid solubility
- ph
- drug dosage
- serum drug levels
-
Primary site for metabolism
Liver
-
Removal of the drug from the body
excretion
-
What excretes most drugs?
Kidneys
-
What age group has the most immature liver?
Infants
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Elderly lose _________ in the kidneys.
neprons
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What levels in the kidneys must be low?
creatine
-
What track do drugs take?
mouth > digestive > liver > kidneys
-
Study of how drug produces it effect in the body
Pharmacodynamics
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What do meds do during pregancy?
birth defects
-
Children need smaller doses because _________.
organs are immature
-
Enzyme dificiencies cant __________ drugs.
metabolize
-
The presencs of disease can affect drug action
Pathology
-
Respiratory distress, sudden severe bronchospasm, and cardiovascular collapse
Anaphylactic reaction (anaphylaxis)
-
ringing in the ears
odotoxicity
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An unusual or peculiar response to a drug that may manifest itself by over response, under response, or even the opposite of the expected response
Idiosyncratic Effect
-
Idiosyncratic effect is _______ caused.
genetic
-
The combined effect of two or more drugs acting simultaneously produces an effect less that that of each drug alone
Antagonist
-
Keeps another drug from working
Antagonist Effect
-
Greate than that of each drug alone (combination)
Synergistic Effect
-
The concentration of drug in the blood serum that produces the desired effect without causing toxicity
Therapeutic range
-
Takes a few days to build up
Therapeutic range
-
Highest concentration (1hr or so after medication)
peak level
-
toxic to CNS
neurotoxicity
-
lowest level before med administration
trough
-
Toxic to the liver
Heptatoxicity
-
Kidney toxicity
Nephrotoxicity
-
Hearin effects
ototoxicity
-
Trough usually drawn __________ before next dose
30 minutes
-
The amount of time it takes for 50% of the blood concentration of a drug to be eliminated from the body
Half-Life
-
-
-
used to prevent infection
Anti-infective
-
What to look for when administering an anti-infective?
- severe rash
- hives
- difficulty breathing
- fever
- dizziness
- tightness in chest
- swelling of eyelids, face, or lips
-
Lowers BP
Anti Hypertensive
-
What should you do before administering an anti hypertensive?
Check BP and Apical Pulse
-
Neutralizes stomach acid, relieves acid indigestion, upset stomach, sour stomach, and heartburn
Antacids
-
Combat nausea and vomiting
Antiemetic
-
Treat inflammation, mild to moderate pain, fever.
NSAIDS
-
Specific treatments of NSAIDS
- headaches
- arthritis
- sports injuries
- menstrual cramps
-
What to look for when administering an NSAID
- nausea
- vomiting
- diarrhea
- constipation
- rash
- headache
- edema
- kidney failure
-
Opioid narcotic pain relief also called what?
narcotic analgesics
-
pain relievers act on CNS
Opioid Narcotic pain relief
-
Unwanted side effects of opiod narcotics
- drowsiness
- dizziness
- breathing problems
- physical and mental dependence
-
Depress of slow down body functions. Tranquilizers, sleeping pills, and sedatives
Sedative hypnotic
-
Control excess fluid in body
Diuretics
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