BotanyQuiz5StudyGuideQuick

• Gram positive: Will stain with crystal violet dye, thick wall made of peptidoglycan
• Gram negative: Will not stain with crystal violet dye, thin wall of peptidoglycan surrounded by additional
• Archaea cell walls do not contain peptidoglycan

• Fimbriae: short, spikey “hairs” that provide anchorage
• Flagella: movement for cell, different than eukaryotic flagella
• Pili: Bridge connecting two bacteria for conjugation

• Bacillus: stick
• Coccus: sphere
• Spirillum: squiggly/spiral

• Ecological: Involved in carbon cycle (photosynthesis) and nitrogen cycle (N-fixation)
• Evolutionary: believed to be precursor to chloroplasts in eukaryotes. Major group that changed the earth’s atmosphere.

• Use chlorophyll a and b + unique accessory pigments called PHYCOBOILINS [phycoerythrin and phycocyanin]
• Thykaloids: photosynthetic membrane layers similar to plants

• Filamentous: collection of bacteria cells that DON’T SEPARATE after binary fission
• -hormogonia are broken filaments that may start a new filament strand
• Colonial: secrete mucilaginious sheath to bind cells together

• Stacked pattern of Ca2+ rich sediment created by cyanobacteria.
• Lime extracted from H2O and secreted around the filaments caused their creation

Part of Plankton (basis of food chain), but can explode in # (a bloom / red tide), and can release toxic compounds which affect the food chain.

• Heterocysts are specialized cells that carry enzymes for N-fixation. VERY THICK WALL and darker center.
• Akinetes are “hibernating” cells that form in response to a harsh env. BIG OVAL CELLS.

• Azolla can complex w/ cyanos for N-fixation
• Lichens are ½ cyano and ½ fungi