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How much does the heart weigh?
250g-350g
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What is the shape of the heart?
Hollow Cone shaped
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Where are the origins of the heart?
- The top points to the right shoulder, and is at the 2nd rib
- The apex points towards the left hip and is at the 5th intercostal
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What is the angle of lewis/ sternal angle?
Where the 2nd rib articulates with the breast bone
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What is the pericardium made of?
A fibroserous sac where is made of fibrous tissue and serous membrane
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What is different about the fibroserous sac?
It is not expandable and it anchors the pericardium to the surrounding area
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What is pericardial friction rub?
when there isn't enough pericarium and the visceral membrane rubs the parietal membrane
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What is Cardia Tamponade?
when there is too much paricardial fluid around the heart
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What are the names of the layers of the heart?
- Inner layer- Endocardium
- Middle layer-Myocardium
- Outer Layer- Epicardium
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What makes up the endocardium layer?
- Simple Squamous Epithelium
- Continues throughout the blood vessels that connect to the heart
- It is continually bathed in blood
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What makes up the Myocardium Layer?
- Made of Muscle
- It needs a good blood supply, and is supplied by the coronary arteries
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What makes up the Epicardium Layer?
The visceral layer of the serous paricardium
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Where does the lft coronary artery branch to?
The circumflex Artery and the Anterior Intrerventricular Artery
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Where does the Right coronary Artery branch to?
The Marginal Artery and the Posterior Interventricular Artery
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Where do the anterior Interventricular Artery and the Posterior Interventricular Artery meet?
The Anastomoses
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What could cause askemia or a myocardial infarction?
a black inthe Anterior Interventrticular Arty, Origin of the Right Coronary Artery or the Circumflex Artery by an Atheroma or a thrombus
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What are the Cardiac Veins and what is their job?
- Great , Middle and Small
- Bring blood to the coronary sinus
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What do cardiac veins do?
Go to the coronary sinus, which brings blood to the Right Atrium of the Heart (deoxygenated hemoglobin), these veins drain from the myocardium
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What are the four chambers of the heart?
- Right Atrium ( top right)
- Left Atrium (top left
- Right ventricle (bottom right)
- Left Ventricle (bottom left)
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What is the function of the Superior Vena Cava and where does it articulate with the heart?
- Drains venous blood from structures above the diaphragm
- Vein opens into the Right Atrium
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What is the function of the Inferior Vena Cava and where does it articulate with the heart?
- Drains venous blood from all structures below the diaphragm
- Opening of the coronary sinus, brings venous blood from the myocardium
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What is the Interartial Septum?
Wall that separates the Right Atrium from the Left Atrium
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What is contained in the Left Atrium?
- All 4 pulmonary Veins
- 2 from the left lung, 2 from the right lung
- No muscles in this area
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What is contained in the Right Ventricle?
- Trabeculae Carneae
- Papillary Muscles
- Tricuspid Valve
- Chordae Tendineae
- Pulmonary vlave
- Interventricular Septum
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What is contained in the Left Ventricle?
- Bicuspid Valve
- Trabeculae Carneae
- Papillary Muscles
- Chordae Tendineae
- Aortic Valve
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Which area(s) have thin walls and why?
- The left and right Atrium
- They are weak pumps, because they pump to the ventricles which are directly below them
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Which area has the 2nd most thickest wall and why?
- The right ventricle
- It pumps to the lungs, which are located near the heart
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Which area of the heart has the thickest walls and why?
- The Left Ventricle
- It pumps blood to the entire body
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What is the pulmonary and systemic circuit?
Deoxygenate Blood > Right Venticle > Tricuspid > Right Ventricle > Pulmonary Valve > Pulmonary Veins > Lungs > Oxygenated Blood > Left Atrium > Bicuspid Valve > Left Ventricle > Aortic Valve > Rest of body
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