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Plants are broken down into 2 groups.
Vascular and Non-Vascular
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Seedless Vascular plants
reproduce with spores.
- Phylums:
- Psilophyta (whisk ferns)
- Lycopodiophyta (club mosses, spike mosses and quillworts)
- Equisiophyta (horsetails)
- Pteridophyta (ferns)
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Psilophyta
Whisk ferns
and is a seedless vascular plant.
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Lycopodiophyta
club mosses, simke mosses and quillworts
and is a seedless vascular plant.
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Equisiophyta
Horsetails
and is a seedless vascular plant.
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Pteridophyta
ferns
and is a seedless vascular plant.
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Vascular with seeds have two groups.
Gymnosperms and Angiosperms
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Gymnosperm ( with seeds)
Phylum:
- Gingkophyta (gingko tree)
- Cycadophyta (cycads and sago palms)
- Gnetophyta (Ephedra, Gnetum and weltwitschia)
- Coniferophyta (pine trees)
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Gingkophyta
gingko tree
gymnosperm ( seeds)
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Cycadophyta
cycads and sago palms
gymnosperms (seeds)
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Gnetophyta
Ephedra Gnetum weltwitschia
gymnosperms ( seeds)
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Coniferophyta
pine trees
gymnosperms (seeds)
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No Vascular tissue
- Bryophyta (moss)
- Hepaticophyta (liverworts)
- Antherocerophyta ( hornworts)
they are very small and need a lot of water in ther area.
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Angiosperms
Phylum Anthophyta
- which also broken down into classes:
- Monocotyledonae
- Eudicotyledonae
- Produces seeds that develops into flowers.
- seeds are in the fruits.
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Monocot
- One seed leaf in the embryo
- paralell veins in leaves
- Vascular bundles scatter throughout stem
- flower parts in multiple of threes
- Fibrous roots system
ex: lilies, grasses, iris, bamboo, orchids, palms
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Dicot
- two seel leaves in the embryo
- netted veins in leaves
- vascular bundles in a ring
- flower parts in multiples of fours or fives
- Taproot system.
most other flowering plants.
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tissue:
Xylem
Phloem
Parenchyma cells
Collenchyma cells
Sclerenchyma cells.
- xylem: transport water from roots.
- Phloem: conducts sugar from the leaves throughout the rest of the plants.
- Parenchyma cells: most body of a plant (normal functions)
- Collenchyma cells : thicker cells for support. strings in celery. found is still going areas.
- Sclerenchyma cells: very thick cells walls. rigid. make up the fibers in hemp.
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Apical meristem
- APICAL MERISTEM
- cell divison.
- primary growth (length)
- LATERAL MERISTEMS
- scondary growth
increases in diameter. increasse in xylem tissues
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Stems parts
- Node (arrangement of leaves)
- internode (the region between nodes)
- terminal bud ( tip of twig, where the the apical meristem)
- axillary bud (along the stems)
- leaf scars (where the leaves have fallen off)
- lenticels (pores to exchange gasses)
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Diot stems
secondary xylem (wood of tree)
old dead xylem is the heartwood. use to store resins. inactive in the winter times, this gives it "growth rings."
secondary phloem (inner bark)
cork cambium (waterproofing and protection) makes the outer bark.
- Periderm (bark)
- Inner bark is the secondary and primary phloem
- outer bark is the cork camium.
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Monocot stems
- do not have scondary growth.
- rhizomes ( underground stems, stores food)
- Runers (above ground)
- Tubers ( food storage structures)
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