-
Stress (4)
- -Lymphopenia
- -Neutrophilia (mature)
- -Monocytosis (only in dog)
- -+/- Eosinopenia (Persistent: several blood tests)
-
Bacterial Infection (3)
- -Neutrophilia
- -Left Shift
- -Increased Total Protein (Fibrinogen)
-
Leukopenia (2)
- Peracute Bacterial Infection
- Gastric Torsion
- Myeloproliferation
- Myelodysplasia
-
Lymphopenia (6)
- Glucocorticoid effect
- Some viruses, i.e. K9 Distemper, Parvo, ICH
- Drugs, i.e. immunosuppressants, toxins, radiation
- Protein-losing enteropathy, destruction of afferent lymph ducts, intestinal granulomas
- Chylothorax, Chlyoperitoneum
- Congenital Lymphocyte deficiencies, i.e. SCID
-
Neutropenia (8)
- Dysgranulopoeisis (Myelodysplasia)
- Drugs (Estrogen toxicity)
- Viral infections (FIV, BVD, Parvo)
- Chediak-Higashi syndrome
- Overwhelming infections
- Bracken fern
- Shock – shift from circulating to marginated pool
- Some immune-mediated disorders
-
Eosinopenia, Basopenia, Monocytopenia
- May be negligible in health, esp. basophils
- Preferably used if persistently low
-
Eosinopenia
sometimes w/ long-term glucocorticoid therapy
-
Leukocytosis (7)
- -may occur after inflammation or necrosis in any spp
- -can occur in the absence of inflammation
- -Comparable leukocytosis is of greater significance in the horse than in the dog
- -Leukocytosis is not as common in the cow
- -Neoplasia (w/ many immature cells)
- -w/ RBC regeneration
- -some Myeloproliferative and Immune-mediated Dz
-
Neutrophilia (4)
- Physiological: Fear, Excitement, Strenuous exercise (also causes Lymphocytosis)
- Stress/Glucocorticoids
- Hyperadrenocorticism
- Inflammation
-
Regenerative Left Shift
some immune-mediated disorders
- Degenerative Left Shift
- severe dz w/ systemic toxemia
-
Eosinophilia (8)
- Non-specific Response
- Parasites, especially nematodes and flukes (Absence of eosinophilia does not rule out parasites)
- Tumors
- Immune-Mediated (Auto-Immune)
- Hypersensitivity rxns (mainly IgE mediated), i.e. Fel Asthma, Flea Bite Dermatitis
- Inflamm of organs w/ numerous mast cells, e.g. skin
- Rarely in Mast Cell Tumor
- Eosinophilic Myositis?; Eosiniphilic Sarcoma
- Addison’s Dz?
- Basophilia (5)
- Ig-E mediated Disorders
- Usually accompanies eosinophilia
- May occur with Mast Cell Tumor
- Basophilic Leukemia
- Hypothyroidism?
-
Monocytosis (4)
- May be with Inflammation, Stress (esp. in dogs), Hyperadrenocorticism
- Usually Chronic Inflammation, but sometimes w/ Acute Inflammation;
- Granulomatous Inflammation
- Monocytic/Myelomonocytic Sarcomas (high levels of monoblasts in circulation)
- Necrosis
-
Lymphocytosis (6)
- Apparent, i.e. neutropenia
- Physiological: Age (some spp, higher in young animals); Increased mm contractions, fear, excitement.
- Hypoadrenocorticism
- Lymphocytic leukemias
- Chronic inflamm conds
- Foreign antigens
-
Chronic Inflammation (4)
- Increased Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate
- Hyperproteinemia/Hyperglobulinemia
- Leukocytosis: Neutrophilia, Left Shift, Monocytosis
- Nonregenerative Anemia
-
New Methylene Blue stain (2)
- Reticulocytes
- Heinz bodies
-
Erythropoeisis/RBC regeneration (2)
- Polychromasia, Anisocytosis, possibly basophilic stippling, nRBCs, Howell-Jolly bodies
- Macrocytic Hypochromic
-
Long-term Glucocorticoid (Cortisol) Therapy (6)
- Howell-Jolly bodies
- Neutrophilia
- Lymphopenia
- Monocytosis SAME CORTISOL EFFECT W/ STRESS
- Eosinopenia
- Hypersegmentation (inhibits migration of neutrophils → prolonged transit time in blood)
-
Iron-Deficient Anemia (2)
- Microcytic Hypochromic
- Leptocytes
-
Immune-Mediated Hemolytic Anemia (3)
- Spherocytes
- Agglutination
- RBC regeneration
- Extravascular Hemolysis
- Infection, i.e. Ehrlichia, Mycoplasma hemocanis
- Neoplasia
- Idiopathic (AIHA)
- Pure red cell aplasia → Dyshemopoietic
- *Coomb’s test
-
Parvo (3)
- Dyshemopoietic Anemia
- Neutropenia (IN THE ABSENCE OF THROMBOCYTOPENIA)
- Lymphopenia
-
Ehrlichiosis (6)
- Dyshemopoietic Anemia/Immune-Mediated Hemolytic Anemia
- Decreased weight
- Lethargy
- Fever
- Increased Globulin
- Thrombocytopenia → Bleeding tendencies, esp. epistaxis
-
Estrogen Toxicity (4)
- Dyshemopoietic Anemia
- Neutropenia
- Thrombocytopenia
- +/- Lymphopenia
-
Hypoadrenocorticism (3)
- Dyshemopoietic Anemia
- Lymphocytosis
- +/- Eosinophilia
-
FeLV, FIV (4)
- -Dyshemopoietic Anemia
- -Lymphoproliferative Dz
- -Neutropenia
- -Thrombocytopenia
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