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What are the 4 major Parts of the Upper Airway?
- -nasopharynx
- -Glottis
- -OroPharynx
- -Larynx
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What are the 4 major parts of the lower Airway?
- -Trachea wich is infront of the Esophigus
- -Epiglottis
- -Bronchials
- -Aveoliear sacs
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What is the sac surrounding the lungs called?
-Pleura
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How many sections are there in the right lung? Left lung?
- - Right lung: RUL, RML, RLL
- - Left Lung: LUL, LLL
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What maneuver might we do in the Cricoid cartilage?
- Sellick maneuver
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What is the Sellick maneuver?
Also called cricoid pressure, push on trachea to close off the esophogis
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What is a burp?
backwards upwards right pressure
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Noisy breathing means:
Obstructed breathing
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If the patient has chest pain, what should be your next question?
- SOB?
- If yes, NRB 12-15LPM
- If no, Nasal Cannula 2-6LPM
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What is the difference between oxygenation and ventilation?
- Oxygenationation = put o2 in blood for body = SpO2 measurement
- Ventilation = us breathing for someone = EtCO2 measurement
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Exam question: What percentage of O2 do you recieve from a BVM, NRB and nasal cannula and how many LPM?
- BVM 90-100% 10-15LPM
- NRB 60-90 % 10-15LPM
- NC 25-30 % 2-6 LPM
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If you have altered breath sounds, what do you do next?
Percussion test
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Sellick maneuver
Also called cricoid pressure, in order to close off esophogus
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BURP
- Backwards upper right pressure while medic intubates
- - similar to sellick maneuver
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Airway adjuncts
- In order to ensure an open airway
- - oropharyngeal airway
- - nasopharyngeal airway
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Thoracic Trauma
- - tracheal deviation
- - Asymmetrical movement
- - Neck veins distended
- - Abnormal breath sounds
- - Shock
- - Subcutaneous emphysema
- - chest wall contusion / open wounds
- - Cyanosis, chest pain, SOB
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Open pheumothorax
- - open chest wound, air enteres into plural space, squishes lung to collapse, then possible tension pneumothorax
- - Hypoxia
- - shallow breathing
- - guarging wound
- initial=hand on wound
- secondary=3 sided occlusive dressing
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Flail Chest
- - 3+ ribs broken in 2+ places in succession
- - paridoxical motion
- - SOB
- - guarding
- - pulse up
- - BP up
- Watch out for pulinary contusion / Hemothorax / pneumothorax
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Tension Pneumothorax
- - Lungs popped, air fills plural space and begins to push on other chest cavity organs
- - SOB, fast and shallow
- - Breath sounds diminished
- - JVD
- - tracheal deviation
- - Tacypnea
- - Anxiety
- - Dyspnea
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Massive Hemothorax
- - Blood fills the plural space
- - anxiety and confusion
- - neck veins flat = hypovolemia
- - breath sounds decreased
- - Shock
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Cardiac Tamponalde
- - blood fills the sac around the heart
- -Becks Triad (hypotension, neck veins distended, heart sounds muffled)
- - peridoxical pulse
- - breath sounds equal
- Watch out for hemothorax and pneumothorax
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Myocardial Contusion
- - blunt chest injury
- - similar to MI and Angina
- Watch for cardiac tamponalde, hemothorax and pneumothorax
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AAA and Tramatic Aortic Rupture
- - MVC's and falls from height (90% immidiate death)
- - scene size up and history is extremely important
- (no obvious sign of chest trauma, hypertension in upper extremities
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