-
Thomas Paine
"Common Sense"
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Thomas Gage
- vertan of Braddock's defeat of Ft. Dusquense
- commander of all British forces in America
- Gov of Mass
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Edmund Burke
- delivered speech about conciliating colonies
- wanted peace with colonies
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John Hancock
- leader of provincial assembly
- ordered for arrest by Brits
- 2nd Continental Congress
- VA
- merchant
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Richard Henry Lee
- 1st and 2nd Continental COngress
- VA
- introduced resolution of VA convention- stating freeof Brit rule
-
George Washington
- 2nd Continental Congress
- commander of continetal army- little experience or money
-
William Howe
- vet of french/indian war
- could have ended war, but didn't act quickly enough
- allowed American troops to leave
- replaced by Clinton
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Thomas Jefferson
- 2nd Continental Congress
- planter from VA
- published "A Summary View of the Rights of Brit. Amer."
- committee for independence
- youngest member of cont. congress
- drafted Dec. of Independance, blamed George II for everything
- created concept of revolution byexplaing nad justifying right
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John Burgoyne
- Brit commander
- supposed to lead large army from candada down champlain to albany, while a smaller force would pusd east toward albany frime Ft. Oswego on lake ontario (howe wast to lead 3rd force up hudson, won Ft. Ticonderoga, took army to Philideplphia)
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Horatio Gates
- had formidable defenses near Saratoga
- replaced by Greene after putting in untrained minutemen
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Francis Marion
- "swamp fox"
- led Guerilla bands
- helped many Tories in S.Carolina and Gerogia turn to Patriot cause
-
Nathanael Green
replaced Gates in south
-
Charles Cornwallis
- Brit commander
- rushed to Trenton with reinforcements and won Princeton
- fought in south, defeated by Morgan, withdrew to Wilmington, NC
- surrendered at Yorktown
-
Benedict Arnold
- commander of small froce to Quebec
- drove Burgoyne back to Oswego
- mad b/c of "unjust criticism of generalship"
- intended to betray west ft (foiled when papers found on Andre)
- fled to british
-
Marquis de Lafayette
- European fighitng for colonists
- met up with washington and de grassein in yorktown
- ordered band to play Yankee Doodle
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Robert Morris
- superintendant of finance
- Philidelphia merchant
- sut up effective method of getting food and $$ for army
- persuaded congress to set up N41 bank , and aid military after yorktown
- obtained foreign loans and got counrty back on track
-
Noah Webster
- ardent patriot
- American dictionary
- spelling book
- Webster reader
-
Mercy Otis Warren
- American writer and poet
- James Otis' sister
- wrote "Histroy of the Rise, Progress, and Termination of American Revolution"
-
John Carroll
- 1st American Roman catholic bishop
- Baltimore
-
John Trumbell
- artist
- Paintings- Declaration of Indepedance, Surrender of Col. Cornwallis at Yorktown, Battle of Bunker Hill
-
Benjamin Franklin
- 2nd Cont. Congress- growing to radical position
- part of committee for suitable justification of independence
-
Admiral de Grasse
- commander of French fleet in W. Indies
- won battle with english fleet ( Graves)
- won chespeake and cornwallis from sea
-
Comte de Rochambeau
- commander of French land forces
- advised Wash to strike at yorktown (rather than NY)
-
right of revolution
- the right to fight if disgruntled
- right to reject the gov if it doesn't serve its people
-
nationalism
pride in country
-
Declaration of Causes and Necessity of Taking up Arms
condemning everything Britian's done since 1763
-
Common Sense
- Thomas Paine
- called boldly for complete independence
- attacked George III and monarchypropoganda
- everyone in colonies knew and read about it
-
Lexington and Concord
- 1st battle
- minute mencolony victory
-
Shot hear round the world
first shot of revolution (Lexington)
-
Second Continental Congress
- met in Philidelphia
- no legal authority
- dealt with military crisis- organized continental army, George Wash commander
- Declaration of Independence
-
Battle of Bunker Hill
1st major battle
- British set up artilary in Charlsetown. Colonisits seized Breed's Hill (not Bunker. Whoops).
- Gage fought back- driven down 2 times, 3rd time colonists ran out of ammo
- Brits won, but colonists should have
-
Olive Branch Petition
final plea to King by Cont. Congress
-
Hessians
- German mercinary soldiers
- looting and rape
- most competent troops at time
- Wash. attacked them when they weren't ready- some fled, others surrendered.
-
Loyalists/ Tories
- loyal to king
- often attacked by revolutionists
-
Saratoga
- Gates v. Burgoyne
- Burgoyne had heavy losses, Clinton was only hope for Brits, went back to NY for reinforcements, Burgoyne surrendered
- French aid= reason for victory
-
Valley Forge, PA
- after loss of Philidelphia (Brandywine) Wash. army settled in Valley Forge
- supply system crashed
- cold winter- built log cabins, short supplies
- Brits comfy and warm in Philly
- lost a lot
-
Peace of Paris
- 1783
- ends war officialy
- America free and independent
- land east of Miss, below great lakes (except Alabama and Florida)
- Brit troops had to leave
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