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Dilation and effacement of the cervix
takes place as uterine contractions gradually become more frequent and powerful, they cause the cervix to open and thin forming a clear channel from the uterus into the birth canal or vagina
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transition
in which the frequency and strength of contractions are at their peak and the cervix opens completely
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Apagar scale
- heart rate
- respiratory effort
- reflex irritability (coughing, grimacing)
- muscle tone
- Color
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natural or prepared childbirth
a group of techniques aimed at reducing pain and medical intervention and making childbirth as rewarding a experience as possible
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Fetal monitors
electronic instruments that track the baby's heart rate during labor
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induced labor
labor that is started artificially, usually by breaking the amnion, or bag of waters, and giving mother synthetic oxytocin, a hormone that stimulates contractions
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cesarean delivery
a surgical birth; the doctor makes an incision in the mothers abdomen and lifts the baby out of the uterus
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breech position
baby is turned to that the buttocks or feet would be delivered first
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anoxia
inadequate oxygen supply
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small for date infants
are below their expected weight considering the length of pregnancy
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bonding
feeling of affection and concern for the infant
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rooming in
the infant stays in the mothers hospital room all or most of the time
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reflex
inborn automatic response to a particular form of stimulation
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palmer grasp
place fingers in infants palm and they will grasp the finger
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tonic neck
turn baby's head to one side while the infant is awake and they will lie in a fencing position with one arm is extended in front of eyes and the other is flexed
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babinski
stroke sole of the foot from head to toe and the toes fan out and curl as foot twists in
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states of arousal
degrees of wakefulness
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rem sleep
brain-wave activity is remarkably similar to that of the waking state. Eyes dart beneath the lids; heart rate blood pressure and breathing are uneven; and slight body movements occur
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NREM sleep
the body is almost motionless and heart rate, breathing and brain wave activity are slow and even
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SIDS
the unexpected death usually during the night of and infant younger than one year of age that remains unexplained after thorough investigation
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Neonatal behavioral assessment scale
evaluates the baby's reflexes, muscle tone, state changes, responsiveness to physical and social stimuli, and other reactions
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