-
Define white matter:
Define gray matter:
Define tract:
Define nerve:
2 types of nerves:
- White matter is the myelinated fibers
- Gray matter is unmyelinated fibers & neuron cell bodies
- Tract is fiber bundle in Central Nervous System
- Nerve is fiber bundle in Peripheral Nervous System
2 types of nerves are cranial and spinal
-
What are meninges?
List in order from skull to brain.
Meninges are coverings of Central Nervous System.
- In order from skull to brain:
- Dura matter
- Arachnoid
- Pia matter
-
What are functions of cerebrospinal fluid?
Define ventricle
Cerebrospinal fluid cushions and nourishes.
Ventricles are cerebrospinal fluid filled spaces.
-
Why does brain damage occur rapidly with brief interruption of arterial blood supply?
the brain doesn't store oxygen or glucose and the brain cannot use fatty acids for energy
-
What is a stroke?
Alternative names for a stroke?
A stroke is tissue death due to clotting or bleeding
Other names are Brain Attack and Cerebrovascular Accident
-
1.What are the functions of the blood brain barrier?
2.What is it made of?
1. The blood brain barrier is the selective exchange between blood & brain tissue.
2. It is composed of vessel wall & pia mater
-
What are the spinal chord functions?
impulse conduction & spinal reflexes
-
Define reflex & list anatomical parts in order
Reflex is automatic fast response to change
Anatomical parts in order: 1. receptor 2. sensory neuron 3. control center 4. motor neuron 5. effector
-
What is function of cerebellum?
- Cerebellum--> coordination, equilibrium & posture
-
What is function of thalamus?
relays sensory information to the cortex
-
What is function of hypothalamus?
produces ADH & oxytocin
regulates ANS, endocrine system, temperature, feeding, thirst, and sleep
-
What is function of basal nuclei?
subconscious control of large prox. muscle groups ( hips/shoulders)
-
Which major division of the brain contains the medulla?
brain stem
-
What is significance of the decussation of pyramids?
this is where the motor fibers cross
-
What are the vital reflex centers?
- The vital reflex centers are:
- 1. cardiac--> regulates blood pressure
- 2. vasomotor--> regulates blood pressure
- 3. breathing
-
Define Cortex
Cortex is the superficial gray matter
-
3 Functional areas of cortex & list their functions
- 1. sensory--> this is perception of pain, touch, pressure and temperature
- 2. motor--> this controls the skeletal muscles
- 3. association--> higher functions
-
Define electroencephalogram
this is a graph of the electrical activity of the brain (waves)
-
Visceral efferent division of the PNS--identify type of structure being served, it's function, it's general location.
- structure being served is organ
- it's functions is to send info away from CNS to organs
- general location is Peripheal Nervous System
-
3 effectors served by the Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)
Effectors served are smooth muscle, glands and cardiac muscles
-
Define dual innervation & it's purpose
Dual innervation is when the Sympathetic & Parasympathetic cause opposite effects they are able to counterbalance each other.
It's purpose is to keep the body regulated.
-
Name distal receptor on effector organs in parasympathetic nervous systems & the neurotransmitter that binds.
- Distal receptors are chollinergic -- binds acetylcholin
- Function--promotes anabolic--inhibits organs that use energy.
-
Name distal receptor on effector organs in sympathetic nervous system & the neurotransmitter that binds.
- Distal receptors are adrenergic
- Binds to norepinephrine
-
Functions of Parasympathetic & Sympathetic divisions
- Parasympathetic function is to "rest & digest"--conservation--promotes anabolic
- Sympathetic functions is "fight or flight"--rapid preparation for adaptation to stress or exercise
-
What is the purpose of fight-or-flight & list 5 specific responses to it's activation
The purpose of "fight-or-flight" is to prepare for adaptation to stress or exercise(physical survival)
- 5 responses to it's activation are:
- 1. vasco constriction (skin)
- 2. vasodilation (skelectal muscle)
- 3.G.I. motility slows
- 4. Airways in lungs dialate->bronchioles dilate
- 5. excitation of heart (heart rate speeds up)
|
|