A&P Chapter 3

• 1.Cell membrane/plasma membrane
• 2. Cytoplasm
• 3.Nucleus
• 4.Cytoplasmic organelles

Structural & Functional unit of all living matter.

• 1.Separates cytoplasm from outside of the cell
• 2.Communicates between cell and the enviroment.

• 1.it is Semipermeable/Selectively permeable.(it controlls passage of materials)
• 2.it has phospholipid bilayer
• 3.Embedded proteins
• 4.Glycocalyx:(superficially projecting carbohydrates
• 5.specialized projections(ex: cillia)

1.provide stucture & anchors cell to other structures

2.Receptor proteins(communicate ions,hormones,neurotransmitters)

3.Carrier Proteins(Transports solutes across the membrane.

4.Enzymes(catalyze reactions within extracellular fluid or in teh cytosol

• 1.Lubricates and protects
• 2.Anchoring and Locomotion
• 3. Receptors bind specific extracellulare chemicals to cell
• 4.Immune recognition:Does this cell belong to us is the membrane normal etc.)

• Microvilli
• 1.Increases absorption of surface of cell
• 2.Increases surface area
• ex:intestinal surface
• Cilia
• 1.provides movement
• ex airways,uterine tubes
• Flagella
• 1.provides propulstion
• ex:sperm tail

• 1.Controls cell structure and functions(that are required for maintenance and repair of the cell)
• 2.Stores genetic material which controls protein synthesis.

• 1.Nuclear membrane:allows chemical exchange with cytosol, Connects with rough endoplasmic reticulum.
• 2.Nucleoplasm: gel inside nucleus
• 3.Nucleolus: Constructs componens of ribosomes(nucleus always has 1 or more)

• 1.Mitochondria
• 2.Ribosomes
• 3.Endoplasmic Reticulum(Rough and Smooth)
• 5.golgi apparatus
• 6.inclusion bodies
• 7.lysosomes
• 8.cytoskeleton

• Creates ATP (fuel for cellular functions)
• 1.Outer membrane
• 2.inner membrane
• 3.Enzymes
• 4.Cristae (folds in the center)

• Ribosomes create protein
• 1.located free in cytoplasm
• 2.Attatched to the Rough endoplasmic reticulum
• They are made in the Nucleolus

• SER-Creates lipids and steroids
• RER-Creates proteins(Due to attatched ribosomes)
• Bothe ER act as assembly lines

• 1.Recieves protein from the endoplasmic Reticulum and complets a complex molecule for secretion EX:protein&Glucose=glycoprotein
• 2.Packages enzymes for use in the cytoplasm
• 3.maintains plasma membrane
• (acts as the final assembly/completes finishing touches)

• 1.they are temporary bodies that appear and disappear as needed
• (they are formed by pinching off membranes of the ER or Golgi apparatus)
• ex:Vesicles

• they are temporary transport compartments known as inclusion bodies
• 1.secretory vesicles-take substances to cell membrane
• 2.Transport vesicles-Move substances through cytoplasm.

They are organelles contain powerful enxymes that dissolve debris and pathogens.

Ribosomes

Rogh Endoplasmic Reticulum

Transport vesicles

Golgi apparatus

Secretary Vesicle

• 1.dissolve
• 2.body
• 3.begining
• 4.eat/swallow

• it is a organelle that provedes shape and support for the cell
• it also assists in cell movement
• its structures are
• 1.microfilaments
• 2.microtubules

Transport that does not require energy from the cell (ATP)

Transport that expends ATP to move things within the cell

• 1.diffusion
• 2.osmosis
• 3.filtration

• 1.pump
• (visicular transports)
• 2.exocytosis
• 3.endocytosis

• 1.same
• 2.low
• 3.high
• 4.blood
• 5.dissolve
• 6.Concentraion

A passive transport mechanism that acts as a dye tablet placed in water. it continues to equilibriate untill all areas have the same concentration.

• A passive transport mechanism that folows the OSMOTIC PULL system
• 1.solvent moves from less concentrated side to more concentrated side throuh a semi permiable membrane due to osmotic pull(Water follows salt protein and sugar this is known as osmotic pull)

Measure of concentraion by a % value

at a normal concentration(balanced)

at a low concentration

at a Higher concentration

• it is a passive transport mechanism.
• Requires a filter Ex: membrane with holes or pores
• it is controled by ballance of pressure
• ex-osmotic pressure vs. Hydrostatic pressure