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What are the gereal functions of the endocrine system?
- fluid and electrolyte balance
- stress response
- growth and development
- protein, lipid, and carb metabolism
- sexual maturation
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What does the anterior pituitary consist of?
- growth hormone
- prolactin
- adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
- thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)
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What are the functions of the growth hormone?
- anabolism (bone, muscle)
- catabolism (adipose)
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What is the stimulus and frunction of prolactin?
- stimulus: pregnancy and nursing
- function: milk synthesis
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What is the stimulus and function of ACTH?
- stimulus: decrease cortisol and stress
- function: likes adrenal cortex >cortisol etc...
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What is the stimulus and function for TSH?
- stimulus: decreased thyroid hormone
- function: thyroid gland releases thyroid hormone
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What does posterior pituitary do?
stores hormones made in hypothalamus
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What consist of posterior pituitary?
oxytocin and antidiaretic hormone
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What is the stimulus and function of oxytocin?
- stimulus: nursing
- function: milk release (letdown)
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What is the stimulus and function of ADH?
- stimulus: increase plasma osmality
- function: H2O absorption (kidney)
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where is the thyroid gland located?
anterior to trachea
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What does the thyroid gland consist of?
thyroid hormone
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What is the stimulus and function of the thyroid hormone?
- stimulus: decreased TH > increase TSH
- function: basal metabolic rate (BMR)
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What is the location of the adrenal cortex?
- adrenal- superior to kidney
- cortex- outer
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What does the adrenal cortex consist of?
aldosterone and cortisol
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What is the #1 stimulus and function of aldosterone?
- #1 stimulus: decrease ECF
- function: Na+ reabsorption (kidney) > H2O reabsorption
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What is the stimulus and function of cortisol?
- stimulus: increase ACTH
- function: maintains BP, resistance to stress, CHO, protein, fat metabolism
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What is the location of the adrenal medulla?
inner
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What does adrenal medulla consist of?
epinephrine and noreepinephrine
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What is the stimulus and function of epinephrine and norepinephrine?
- stimulus: sympathetic discharge
- function: maintains BP and resistance to stress
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What is the location of the pancreas?
retro peritoneal, posterior and inferior to stomach
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What does the pancreas consist of?
- glucogen
- insulin
- insulin-dependent tissue
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What is the stimulus and function of glucogen?
- stimulus: decrease glucose
- function: increase glucose
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What is the stimulus and function of insulin?
- stimulus: increased glucose
- functions:
- A. anabolism (#1)
- -glucose > glycogen
- -fat synthesis
- -protein synthesis
- B. lowers glucose
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Which forms of thyroid hormone are active versus inactive?
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Does T4 remain inactive? Why?
No, its turns to T3 when it hits the skin???
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Define insulin-dependent tissue and what are they?
- requires insulin for glucose entrance into the cell
- 1. skeletal
- 2. cardiac muscle
- 3. adipose tissue
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