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Define white matter?
myelinated fibers
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Define gray matter?
unmyelinated fibers and neuron cell bodies
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Define tract?
fiber bundle CNS
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Define nerve and 2 types?
- fiber bundler PNS
- 1. cranial
- 2. spinal
-
Define meninges and list in order from superficial to deep?
- covering of CNS, both brain and spinal cord
- a. dura mater
- b. arachnoid
- c. pia mater- rich in minute blood vessels
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What is the function of cerebrospinal fluid?
cushions and nourishes CNS
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Define ventricle?
CSF filled spaces
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Explain why brain damage occus rapidly with brief interruption of arterial blood supply?
- No flow for 4 min. -> brain damage d/t
- - brain doesn't store oxygen or glucose
- - can't us fatty acids for E
-
Define stroke and provide alternate ames?
- tissue death d/t clotting or bleeding
- aka: cerebrovascular accident and brain attack
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What is the function of the blood brain barrier? And the structured that compose it?
- selective exchange between blood and brain tissue
- composed of: vessell wall and pia mater
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What are the spinal cord function?
impulse conduction and spinal reflexes
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Define relflex?
automatic fast response to change
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List the anatomical parts of the spinal reflexes in order?
- 1. receptor
- 2. sensory neuron
- 3. control center
- 4. motor neuron
- 5. effector
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What are the functions of the cerebellum?
cordination, equilibrium, posture
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What is the function of the thalamus?
relays sensory info to cortex
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What is the function of the hypothalamus?
- Produces ADH and oxytocin
- Regulates:
- autotomic nervous system
- endocrine system
- temperature
- feeding
- thirst sleep
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Which major division of the brain contains the medulla?
brain stem
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What is the significance of the decussation pyramids?
motor fibers cross
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What is the vital reflex centers of the medulla oblongata? And what does each regulate?
- 1. cardiac (BP)
- 2. vasomotor (BP)
- 3. breathing
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Define cortex?
superficial gray
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What are the 3 types of functional areas of the cortex?
- a. sensory
- b. motoer
- c. association
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What is the function of sensory?
perception of pain, touch, pressure, and temperature
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What is the function of motor?
control of skeletal muscles
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What is the function of association?
higher functions
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What is the function of basal nuclei?
subconscious control of large proximal muscles groups
-
Define electroencephalogram?
graph of electrical activity of the brain (waves)
-
Based on the ANS's other name (visceral efferent division of the PNS), what is the general type of structure served, functoins, and general location?
- structure- organ
- function- motor
- general location- PNS
-
What are the 3 effectors served by the ANS?
- a. smooth muscle
- b. cardiac muscle
- c. glands
-
Define dual innervasion and identify it's purpose?
sympathetic and parasympathetic...oppose each other at an organ
-
What is the distal receptor on the effector organs in the parasympathetic nervous system?
- Cholinergic, bind Ach
- function: resource conservation, inhibits organs that use energy
-
What is the distal receptor of the organs in sympathetic nervous system?
- adrenergic, bind norepinephrine
- function: fight-or-flight
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What is the purpose of fight-or-flight? And list 5 specific responses?
- rapid preparation for or adaptationto stress or exercise
- 5 responses:
- vasoconstriction (skin)
- vasodilation (skeletal muscles)
- GI mobility slows
- bronchioles dilate
- excitation of heart
- (these are 5 things that happen during stress or exercise)
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