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What factors increase the risk of side and adverse effects and thus warrant precautions for a patient who is taking the antimycobacterial drug rifampin (Rifadin)?
- History of liver disease
- History of alcoholism
- Concurrent use of other hepatotoxic drugs
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What factors increase the risk of side and adverse effects and thus warrant precautions for a patient who is taking the urinary tract antiseptic nitrofurantoin (Macrodantin)?
- Asthma or other respiratory disorders
- Liver disorders
- Kidney disorder that does not affect creatinine clearance
- Electrolyte imbalance
- Vitamin B12 deficiency
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What factors increase the risk of side and adverse effects and thus warrant precautions for a patient who is taking the antimycobacterial drug isoniazid (INH)?
- Chronic liver disease, including hepatitis
- HIV infection
- Adult older than 50
- Seizure disorder
- Renal disorders
- Alcoholism
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What factors increase the risk of side and adverse effects and thus warrant precautions for a patient who is taking the polyene antibiotic drug amphotericin B (Fungizone)?
- Bone marrow depression
- Anemia
- Renal insufficiency
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What factors increase the risk of side and adverse effects and thus warrant precautions for a patient who is taking the antiparasitic drug metronidazole (Flagyl)?
- Existing candida infection
- Heart failure
- Liver or renal failure
- Seizure disorders
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What factors increase the risk of side and adverse effects and thus warrant precautions for a patient who is taking the sulfonamide drug trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole (Bactrim, Septra)?
- Decreased kidney or liver function
- Hypersensitivity to sulfites used as preservatives (wine, foods), other drugs related to sulfonamides (acetazolamide, thiazide diuretics, tolbutamide)
- Suppressed bone marrow
- Patient at risk for megaloblastic anemia (alcoholic, pregnant woman, patient who is debilitated)
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What factors increase the risk of side and adverse effects and thus warrant precautions for a patient who is taking the monobactam drug aztreonam (Azactam)?
- History of allergy to penicillins or cephalosporins (although aztreonam has little cross-sensitivity to these antibiotics)
- Decreased liver or renal function
- Older adult
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What factors increase the risk of side and adverse effects and thus warrant precautions for a patient who is taking the macrolide drug erythromycin (E-Mycin)?
- Gastrointestinal disorders
- Liver disorders
- Seizure disorders
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What factors increase the risk of side and adverse effects and thus warrant precautions for a patient who is taking the antiparasitic drug chloroquine (Aralen)?
- Liver disease
- Alcoholism
- Young child with glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency (causes hemolytic anemia)
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What factors increase the risk of side and adverse effects and thus warrant precautions for a patient who is taking the cephalosporin drug cephalexin (Keflex)?
- Allergy to penicillin (possible cross sensitivity)
- Renal failure
- Liver or gastrointestinal disease
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What factors increase the risk of side and adverse effects and thus warrant precautions for a patient who is taking the penicillin drugs amoxicillin (Amoxil) and amoxicillin and clavulanic acid (Augmentin)?
- Allergies, hay fever, or asthma
- Allergy to cephalosporins or carbapenem antibiotics
- Colitis or diarrhea
- Liver disease (amoxicillin)
- Renal failure or dialysis (amoxicillin)
- Diabetes mellitus
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What factors increase the risk of side and adverse effects and thus warrant precautions for a patient who is taking the fluoroquinolone drug ciprofloxacin (Cipro)?
- Serious CNS disorders (seizure disorder)
- Gastrointestinal disorders
- Renal impairment
- Warfarin (Coumadin) therapy
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What factors increase the risk of side and adverse effects and thus warrant precautions for a patient who is taking the carbapenem drug imipenem (Primaxin)?
- Allergy to cephalosporins
- Seizures and other CNS disorders
- Renal impairment
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What factors increase the risk of side and adverse effects and thus warrant precautions for a patient who is taking the antibacterial drug tetracycline (Sumycin)?
- Allergies, such as hay fever
- History of liver or kidney disorder
- Myasthenia gravis
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What factors increase the risk of side and adverse effects and thus warrant precautions for a patient who is taking the azole drug ketoconazole (Nizoral)?
- Existing liver disease
- Allergy to other azole antifungals
- Alcoholism
- HIV infection
- Older adults
- Child younger than 2
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What factors increase the risk of side and adverse effects and thus warrant precautions for a patient who is taking the aminoglycoside drug Gentamicin (Garamycin)?
- Damage to acoustic nerve with hearing loss
- Presence of tinnitus or vertigo
- Renal disorders
- Chronic neuromuscular disorders
- Dehydration
- Hypocalcemia
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What factors increase the risk of side and adverse effects and thus warrant precautions for a patient who is taking the antibacterial drug vancomycin (Vancocin)?
- Renal insufficiency (reduce dosage)
- Impaired hearing
- Colitis
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What factors increase the risk of side and adverse effects and thus warrant precautions for a patient who is taking the antiviral drug acyclovir (Zovirax)?
- Renal insufficiency
- Neurologic disorders
- Dehydration
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