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Inhibits viral replication, suppresses cell proliferation
Also used in Tx of chronic hepatitis and Kaposi's sarcoma
IFN-α
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Inhibits viral protein synthesis and replication
Stimulates B Cell expression of MHC class 1
Activates NK Cells
Pyretic
Used for Tx of multiple sclerosis
IFN-β
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Activates macrophages/TH1
Inhibits TH2
Increases MHC class 1 and 2
Increases antigen presentation
Pyretic
Used for Tx of chronic granulomatous disease
IFN-γ
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What is the general activity of interferons?
Anti-viral activity
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What cells produce IFN-α, -β, and -γ?
- IFN-α: most cells
- IFN-β: leukocytes and fibroblasts
- IFN-γ: TH1 cells after IL-2 or antigen stimulation; some from NK cells, CD8+, and phagocytes
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A chemokine that:
Attracts and activates eosinophils
Increases eosinophil migration
Eotaxin
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A chemokine that:
Chemotactic and activator for monocytes, dendritic cells, NK cells, eosinophils, basophils, and T cells
RANTES, aka CCL5 (binds to CCR5)
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Secreted by activated lymphocytes, macrophages, and NK cells
Upregulates IL-1 & PG-E2 synthesis in macrophages
Induces acute phase protein production in liver
Causes cell death in many types of cells
TNF-α
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Produced by activated APCs
Pyrogenic
Activates TH and NK cells
Signals B-cell proliferation
Increased ICAM exp on vascular endothelium
Chemotactic for macrophages and neutrophils
- IL-1
- α = membrane, β = secreted
-
Produced by activated TH1 cells, which themselves express a receptor to this cytokine
Promotes growth of all T cells
IL-2
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Produced by TH1 and 2 cells
Stimulates hematopoiesis in bone marrow
Pro-inflammatory, stimulates mast cells
IL-3
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Produced by TH2 cells
Activates and promotes proliferation and differentiation of B cells
Causes class switching to IgG and IgE
Induces TH2 proliferation
Up-regulates MHC2 expression in macrophages
IL-4
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Synergistic with IL-4, producing IgE
Also enhances IgA class switching
Stimulates production and activation of eosinophils
IL-5
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Serves as a co-factor for IL-1
Secreted by macrophages, stromal cells from basement membrane, and TH cells
Promotes proliferation and terminal differentiation of B cells
Stimulates antibody secretion and production of acute-phase reactants
Promotes differentiation of myeloid stem cells
IL-6
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Secreted by thymocytes and basement membrane stroma
Regulates B, T cell development and maturation
Induces cytokines IL-1 and IL-6
IL-7
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Secreted by macrophages
Major chemokine for neutrophils
Also chemokine for T-cells and basophils
Promotes angiogenesis
IL-8
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Pleiotropic cytokine produced by TH2 cells
Stimulates release of IL-2, 4, 6, and 11
Stimulates cytotoxic effect of CTLs and NK cells
IL-9
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Secreted by regulatory T cells
Inhibits activated T cells and proinflammatory cytokines from macrophages and monocytes
Activates TH2, inhibits TH1
IL-10
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Produced by stromal cells
Induces hematopoiesis
Induces acute phase protein synthesis in hepatocytes
IL-11
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Secreted by activated APCs (B cells and macrophages)
Promotes TH0 to TH1 differentiation
Activates NK cells and enhances their proliferation
Costimulates TH1 to produce IL-2R and secrete IL-2 and IFN-γ
IL-12
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Produced by TH2 cells
Promotes IgE production
Possesses anti-inflammatory properties
IL-13
-
Hyperproduction promotes B-cell development in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma
IL-14
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Bacterial septic shock is due to overproduction of what by what?
- IL-1 adn TNF-α by macrophages
- Presentation includes hypotension, fever, diarrhea, and disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)
-
What causes toxic shock syndrome?
Superantigens overstimulate polyclonal T-cell production of IL-1 and TNF-α
-
Pathway of tuberculoid leprosy
IL-12 => TH1 => IL-2, TNF-β, IFN-γ => cell-mediated immunity
-
Pathway of lepromatous leprosy
IL-4 => TH2 => IL-4, IL-5, IL-10 => antibody production
-
Interleukins with hematopoietic effects
3, 6, 7, 11
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