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What are the two main components of the integumentary system?
- accessory structures
- cutaneous membrane
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List the three classes of accessory structures of the integumentary system discussed in class.
- hair
- glands
- tactile receptors
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List the eight functions of the integumentary system discussed in class.
- thermoregulation
- production of vitamin D
- protect the body from the environment
- production of melanin
- excretion and absorption
- keratin synthesis
- blood storage
- detection of cutaneous sensations
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List two ways the integumentary system can thermoregulate.
- sweating
- directing blood flow towards or away from the skin
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True or False: Your body needs vitamin D for the absorption of calcium.
True
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What gives skin, hair, and eyes color and tone?
melanin
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When the body is at rest, how much of the total blood supply is located in the dermal blood vessels?
between 8 and 10%
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The bottom 2/3 of the hair structure is the:
hair root
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The top 1/3 of the hair structure is known as the:
hair shaft
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Where is the division between the hair root and the hair shaft?
2/3 of the way up
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The hair follicle consists of everything:
below the skin surface
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All hairs grow out of a:
follicle
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Hair is composed of how many concentric layers of tissue?
six
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List the three outer layers of hair tissue.
- connective tissue sheath
- outer root sheath
- inner root sheath
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The outer most layer of hair tissue, comprised of dense connective tissue, is known as the:
connective tissue sheath
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The second layer of hair tissue determines the texture of hair and is called the:
outer root sheath
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If the outer root sheath is oval-shaped, the person likely has _______ hair.
curly
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List the three inner layers of hair tissue.
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The outermost layer of the hair proper whose cells overlap like shingles is known as the:
cuticle
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The thickest layer of hair tissue is the:
cortex
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The innermost layer of hair tissue is known as the:
medulla
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The little piece of smooth muscle that attaches to the hair and allows it to stand up on end is called the:
arrector pili muscle
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The lower, "fat" part of the hair follicle is known as the:
bulb
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True or False: Hair growth is a linear process.
False - hair growth is a cyclical process
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List the three phases of hair growth.
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The growth phase of hair is known as:
anagen
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During anagen, your hair is:
actively growing
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The regression phase of hair growth is known as:
catagen
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What occurs to the hair follicle during catagen?
the bulb breaks down
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The resting phase of hair growth is known as:
telogen
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What does the follicle contain during the telogen phase?
a club, or resting hair
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True or False: At this moment various hairs on your head can be found in each of the three states.
True
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True or False: As new hair grows in, old hair gets pushed out of the follicle and shed, as many as 75 to 100 per day.
True
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List the three major types of hair found in humans.
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Hair that is very fine, unpigmented, and general shed prior to birth is called:
lanugo, or fetal hair
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Heavily pigmented hair found on the head, around the eye, and in pubic regions is known as:
terminal hair
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Lighter, unpigmented hair found on the bodies of children are called:
velus hairs
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During puberty velus hairs are replaced by:
terminal hairs
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Hair color is determined by the presence of:
melanin
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List the two types of melanin discussed in class.
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Which of the types of melain contributes to red hair?
phaeomelanin
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Which type of hair has the most eumelanin, blonde or black?
black
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When you stop producing pigments your hair turns:
grey
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What happens to the hair shaft when pigment production ceases?
air replaces pigment in the shaft, making grey hair coarse
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Where will sebaceous glands be found?
associated with hair follicles
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What do sebaceous glands secrete?
an oily secretion called sebum
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List the three functions of the oily hair coating produced by sebaceous glands.
- prevent dehydration
- antibacterial
- repels water
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What is the purpose of ceruminous glands?
to secrete cerumen
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What is cerumen more commonly known as?
ear wax
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Where is the body do you find ceruminous glands?
the ears
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What are the two primary functions of the waxy secretion produced by the ceruminous glands?
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Where are the secretions of eccrine glands released?
onto the epithelial cell surface
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Where do the secretions of apocrine glands release?
into a hair follicle
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The secretion of eccrine glands that contains ammonia, urea, and other ions is commonly known as:
sweat
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Sweat that also contains proteins and lipids comes from which type of gland, eccrine or apocrine?
apocrine
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The only tactile receptors in the epidermal layer are the:
free nerve endings
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What do the free nerve endings detect?
fine touch and pressure
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What does Merkel's disc detect?
touch and pressure
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True or False: Free nerve endings detect touch and pressure better then Merkel's Discs.
False - Merkel's Discs detect touch and pressure better than Free Nerve Endings
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What is the function of Meissner's corpuscle?
to detect touch, pressure, and low frequency vibration
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What is the function of the Ruffini receptor?
to detect continuous pressure
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What is the function of the root hair plexus?
to detect distortion of the hair
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When you run your hands over the hairs of your arm, but not touching the skin, you are stimulating which tactile receptor?
the root hair plexus
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What is the function of the Pacinian corpuscle?
to detect deep pressure
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True or False: The density of tactile receptors in various locations depends of the sensitivity needs of the body.
True
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