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Describe the Baroque culture
Use of arts to celebrate the church and to support those in political power
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Terraced dynamics
Loud to soft drastically
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Where did Opera begin and what time
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Name the society that started Opera
Florentine Camerata
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What texture was monody
Homophonic
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Figured bass
Musical shorthand
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Describe the instruments with Basso continuo
- Bass instrument: Cello or Bassoon
- Chordal instrument: Lute harpsichord or organ
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Which vocal style was speech-like, serving as a dialogue
Recitative
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Early baroque operas were mainly what type of vocal style
Recitative
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Describe the rhythm of Recitative
Flexible
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Expansion of the arioso style
Aria
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Two qualities of Aria vocal style
- Song-like
- Can stand alone outside of opera
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Considered the first master of the opera
Claudio Monteverdi
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Which opera introduced opera as a major art form
Orfeo (1607)
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Monteverdi's life expanded from the
Renaissance into the Baroque
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By what year did they have public opera houses
1637
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Which english composer composed funeral music for Queen Mary
Henry Purcell
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What opera was considered the first English opera
Purcell's Dido and Aeneas
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What did Henry Purcell serve as
Organist at Westminister Abbey and Chapel Royal
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Compared to Operas how long were cantatas
Short: 20 minutes
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Describe the visuals of cantatas
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Who wrote the earliest surviving opera
Jacopo Peri
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Cantata
Dramatic work for solo voices, sometimes a small chorus and either basso continuo or a small orchestra
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What composer wrote the coffee cantata
Bach
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What piece was the closest Bach came to writing opera
Coffee cantata
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Where was Bach from
Germany
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How many sacred cantatas did Bach compose
Over 300 but only 195 were preserved
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Chorales began as
Monophonic melodies also known as hymns
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What two Protestant reformers promoted chorales in the vernacular
Luther and Calvin
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Bach was the first choice for employers
False
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Bach came from a multiple generation of musicians
True
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What is the difference between Oratorio and the Opera
- There was no scenery or costumes in the Oratorio
- Usually scared, Italian or Vernacular
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Which is longer the cantata or the oratorio
Oratorio
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Where was the Oratorio originally developed
Italy
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The development of the oratorio was a reaction to
The Protestant Reformation by the Catholic church
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When was the Oratorio popular
During Lent when operas were banned
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What was the oratorio intended to do
Teach audiences based on Bible stories
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What did Handel's father want him to become
Lawyer
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Where does Handel go to study opera
Italy
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How long did it take for Handel to compose Messiah
24 days
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How many movements did the Messiah have
53
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The majority of the text for the Messiah was from
The old testament
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Has become one of the most celebrated works in the Western world
Messiah
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What style did the Messiah use
French Overture
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Describe the Early baroque passion
- Heinrich Schutz
- Based entirely on texts from Biblical gospels
- Short compositions, performed during holy week
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Describe the Late Baroque passion
- Bach
- Included biblical and non-biblical texts
- Lengthy compositions
- St. Matthews (21/2 hours long)
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What group of instruments were the most important during the Baroque period
Stringed instruments
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What family was considered great violin makers
Stradivari family
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Basic keyboard instruments
Organ and the harpsichord
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Fantasia
Displays of virtuosity
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Prelude
Free form and improvisatory
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Three keyboard pieces were used as introductions to
The Fugue
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A fugue is based on what texture
Polyphonic
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The melody of the fugue is called the
subject
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Who wrote the Art of the Fugue
Bach
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Chorale
German hymn often used as a unifying theme for a cantata
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Performed as an introduction to a religious service
Chorale Prelude
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Sonata for the church
Sonata da chiesa
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Sonata
Instrumental pieces that varied greatly in structure, character and the number and types of instruments
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Elisabeth-claude Jacquet de la Guerre
- Child prodigy
- King Louis XIV supported her musical education
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Originally orchestras only consisted of only
bowed stringed instruments
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Handel composed water music for
King George II
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Performance of water music didn't include what instrument
Harpischord
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Concerto grosso
Small solo group and orchestra
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Solo concerto
Solo instrument and orchestra
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3 movement structure
Fast slow fast
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Concertino
The concerto grosso in which a small group of instruments
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Ripieno
Concerto grosso : Full orchestra
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Vivaldi's best known work
Four seasons
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The four seasons is an early example of
baroque program music
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Known as the Red Priest
Antonio Vivaldi
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What did Antonio Vivaldi work as
A violin teacher at a girls orphanage
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Bach completed six works dedicated to who
Christian Ludwig, the Margave of Brandenburg
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