-
accountant
a person who keeps the records of money that is received and spent by a company
-
book-keeping
the job of keeping a record of the money that is received and spent by a company
-
correspondence
letters, especially official or business letters
-
faulty
not well-made or not working correctly
-
invoice
a list of things bought or work done with the price, for payment later
-
marketing
a group of activities to help sell a product or service by considering buyers’ wants and needs
-
payroll
a list of people employed in a company, showing how much each person is paid
-
prioritise
decide which tasks are the most important
-
retailer
a person who sells products to the public
-
-
call off
decide not to do a planned activity
-
colleague
a person who you work with
-
face to face
looking directly at one another
-
pension
money which is paid regularly to a person who has retired
-
potential
a person’s or product’s ability to develop and succeed
-
rewarding
satisfying because you feel it is important or useful
-
strategy
a plan for achieving success
-
award
a prize for achieving something
-
charitable trust
a trust which is formed with the aim of giving money to charity
-
decline
a situation where something becomes less in number or amount
-
founding
start (a new company or organisation)
-
launch
show something for the first time
-
mill
a building fitted with machinery for a manufacturing process
-
philanthropist
a person who gives money and help to people who need it
-
rivet
a metal pin, usually used to join pieces of metal together
-
take over
get control of or responsibility for something (e.g. a company)
-
backfire
have the opposite result of what you wanted
-
cluttered
full of unnecessary things
-
exchange rate
the amount of one currency which you can buy with a particular amount of another currency
-
handling charge
the cost of moving goods from one place to another
-
load
abbreviation of download
-
-
time-consuming
needing a lot of time
-
agricultural
connected with farming
-
bulb (abbr. of light bulb)
a glass object which produces light from electricity
-
charge
store electrical energy in
-
device
a piece of equipment which does a particular job
-
file
a type of container used to store documents
-
jam
become unable to work because a part is stuck
-
paper clip
a small piece of bent metal used for holding papers together
-
premises
the land and buildings owned by an organisation
-
shredder
a machine used for cutting documents into very small pieces
-
tool
a piece of equipment which you use with your hands to make or repair something
-
blend
mix two or more things together
-
dissolve
(of a solid) become part of a liquid
-
extract
take something out of something else
-
ingredient
any of the substances used to make something, especially food
-
production plant
a place where an industrial or manufacturing process takes place
-
sample
a small amount of something which shows you what it is like
-
target
a result that you intend to achieve
-
backlog: backlog of orders
a large amount of work or matters which are waiting to be done
-
catalogue
a book with a list of all the goods you can buy from a shop or company
-
cut off
break the connection during a telephone call
-
extension
a telephone, especially one with its own additional number on a line leading from the main switchboard
-
get through
succeed in speaking to somebody on the telephone
-
hold on
wait for a short time
-
log off
stop a computer being connected to a computer system, when you want to stop working
-
put through
connect a person to another telephone extension
-
switchboard
a piece of equipment for the manual control of telephone connections
-
warehouse
a large building for storing goods before they are sold
-
carrier
a company, usually an airline, which transports goods or people from one place to another
-
classified ad
a small advertisement in a newspaper or magazine
-
glamour
an attractive and exciting quality
-
innovation
the use of new ideas and methods
-
market leader
a company which sells more of a type of product than its competitors
-
pop-up
an advertisement which appears in a separate window on a webpage
-
word of mouth
the process of getting to know about a product by hearing about it from friends, colleagues, etc.
-
brand
a type of product made by a company under a particular name
-
connection
a train or plane which passengers arriving on another train or plane can catch to continue their journey.
-
entertain
show hospitality to a business client (e.g. by taking them to an event or a restaurant)
-
pick someone up
collect a person or object from somewhere
-
retire
stop working because of old age or ill health
-
wall planner
a poster to put on the wall showing the days of the year so that you can write appointments on it
-
check-in desk
the place at the airport where you show your ticket, give in your luggage and receive your boarding card
-
dip
a movement downwards to a lower level or number
-
glove compartment
a small cupboard in the front of a car for storing small objects
-
put off
arrange to delay an event or appointment until a later time
-
shuttle
a vehicle or aeroplane that travels regularly between two places
-
venue
the place where an event or meeting takes place
-
conference
a formal meeting of people from the same type of business or with the same interests, usually lasting a few days
-
downgrade
reduce a person or thing to a lower position
-
high-tech
using the most advanced technology and equipment
-
lecture
a formal talk to a group of people on a particular subject
-
stage
the area of a theatre where actors perform or lecturers give their talks
-
video conferencing
a telecommunications system in which two or more people in different parts of the world can talk to each other and see each other on a TV screen
-
ban
not allow a person to do or have something
-
feedback
information about a product or person, used as a basis for improvement
-
office politics
the relationships (good and bad) between people who work in the same office
-
questionnaire
a list of questions, usually with a choice of answers, in order to collect information about a subject
-
survey
a study of the opinions of a group of people, based on a list of questions
-
associate
a person you know because of work or business
-
consultancy
a company that gives expert advice on a particular subject
-
ethos
the set of beliefs and ambitions which are typical of a group or company
-
insolvency
the situation when a company does not have enough money to pay its debts
-
mission
the purpose or aim of an organisation
-
referral
the act of directing someone to another person or place for help or business
-
turnover
the amount of money taken by a business in a particular period
-
bonus
an extra amount of money paid to a person for good performance
-
eye contact
the situation when two people look at each other’s eyes at the same time
-
host
a person who invites other people as guests
-
offence
feeling of annoyance or hurt
-
punctual
arriving or doing things at the correct time, not later
-
to the point
directly expressed and suitable for the topic being discussed
-
act on
do what is suggested
-
block booking
a booking (e.g. for a hotel) for a group of people
-
break the ice
make people who do not know each other well feel more relaxed with each other
-
cooperate
work together for a particular purpose
-
crisis
a situation which has reached a very difficult point, or a time of great disagreement and uncertainty
-
handout
a piece of printed information, sometimes given by a speaker to their audience
-
in-tray
a container on a desk for letters and documents to be dealt with later
-
objective
something you plan to achieve
-
review
consider something in order to decide if changes should be made
-
wisdom
the ability to use your knowledge and experience to make good judgements
-
deal
a business agreement
-
etiquette
the usual rules of polite behaviour in a certain social situation
-
impressed
feeling admiration for something
-
machinery
a group of large machines or the parts of a machine which make it work
-
account for
supply or make up (a certain amount)
-
fluctuation
an irregular rise and fall in number or amount
-
line graph
a diagram in which changes in amount over time are represented by a line
-
negligible
too small in number to be important
-
pie chart
a circle divided into parts that shows the way in which something (e.g. population or amount of money) is divided up
-
static
staying at the same value without changing for a long period of time
-
acquisition
the purchase of one company by another
-
break even
have neither profit nor loss at the end of a business activity
-
cashflow
the amount of money moving into and out of a business
-
cover costs
make enough money to pay for expenses
-
debtor
a person or organisation that owes money to a company
-
liquidation
the situation when a company closes because of financial difficulties and its assets are sold to pay its debts
-
overheads
the regular costs which are involved in running a business (e.g. rent or electricity)
-
pre-tax return
the money that a company earns from something before tax is deducted
-
return
a profit from an investment
-
takeover
the action of taking control of one company by another after purchasing a majority of shares
-
bond
a certificate issued by a government or public company which promises to repay money at a fixed rate of interest at a specified time
-
bull market
a financial market where prices are rising
-
dividend
the part of a company’s profits which is divided between its shareholders
-
equities
stocks and shares which pay no fixed amount of interest
-
outperform
perform better than another
-
sector
a distinct part of the economy
-
stock exchange
the place where stocks and shares in companies are bought and sold
-
business angel
a private investor who provides money for new businesses
-
data management
control and organisation of information held on computer databases
-
format
the way in which information is arranged and stored
-
monitor
watch and check for a period of time
-
relocation
the process of moving to a new place
-
secure a loan
make certain that money which is lent will be paid back by giving the lender the right to own an asset (e.g. the house) of the borrower, if the money is not paid back
-
venture capitalist
a person who makes money available for investment in a new company, especially a risky one
-
candidate
a person who applies for a job
-
jobseeker
a person who is looking for a job
-
recruitment agency
a business that makes its money by finding suitable people for employers who need new workers
-
shortlist
put a person on a list of candidates from which a final choice is made
-
voluntary
done willingly, without being paid for it
-
credit checking
the activity of looking at a person’s record of repaying loans and advising whether or not to give them a new loan
-
-
interviewee
the candidate during an interview
-
lay off
stop employing a worker temporarily or permanently because there is not enough work
-
pull funding
stop giving money for something
-
-
surveyor
a person who measures and records the details of areas of land or a person who is trained to examine buildings and discover if there are any problems with the structure
-
appraisal
a meeting between an employee and their manager to discuss the employee’s progress, aims and needs at work, or the report which summarises this meeting
-
balance sheet
a document which shows a company’s financial position, i.e. its wealth, assets and debts, at a particular time
-
credibility
a person’s ability to make other people believe and trust them
-
follow-up
thing done or action taken to continue something done before
-
on the ball
showing up-to-date knowledge and/or an ability to think and act quickly
-
stalemate
a situation where neither side in an argument can win and no action can be aken
-
absenteeism
the problem of employees not being at work when they should be
-
email overload
the situation when you receive more emails than you can manage
-
icon
a small picture or symbol on a computer screen which the user can click on with the mouse
-
sick leave
the length of time that an employee is allowed to be absent from work because of illness and still receive pay
-
voting buttons
an email system where a group of people are asked the same question which they answer by clicking a button with their chosen reply
-
accounts
the records of all the money that a company has received or spent
-
consultant
a person who advises people on a subject that they are an expert in
-
deadline
a time or day by which something must be done
-
hectic
very busy and fast
-
laboratory
a room or building with equipment for doing scientific tests
-
meticulous
very careful and paying a lot of attention to detail
-
personnel
the people who work in an organisation
-
quality control
the activity of looking at goods or services to make sure that they are of the correct standard
-
springboard
something which provides energy at the start of an action
-
welfare
a person’s health and happiness
-
challenge
something that is difficult to do
-
come up with
produce (an idea or suggestion)
-
flexible
able to be changed easily according to the situation
-
pension scheme
a system into which an employee and employer make regular payments for a period of years, so that the employee can receive a pension when they retire
-
proposal
a suggestion, sometimes a written one
-
role
the position or purpose that a person has in an organisation
-
workforce
the group of people who work in a company
-
billboard
a large board used to display advertisements
-
collective
a business which is owned or controlled by the people who work in it
-
depression
a long period when there is very little business activity and not many jobs
-
growth
the process of increasing in number or size
-
leading
the most important
-
packaging
the material put around goods before they are sold
-
poverty
the situation of being poor
-
share
any of the equal parts into which a company’s capital is divided
-
trust
an organisation which controls money or property for the benefit of other people
-
booked up
with no free places for extra appointments
-
competitor
a person, company or product which is trying to be more successful than another in the same market
-
gimmick
something which is used to get people’s attention but which isn’t very useful
-
hard copy
a paper copy of information which came from a computer
-
logo
a design or symbol which is used by a company to advertise its products
-
search engine
a computer programme which finds information on the Internet using words that you type in
-
up to date
modern or containing the most recent information
-
assemble
build something by joining different parts together
-
cable
a wire, usually covered by plastic, which carries electricity or telecommunication signals
-
craftsman
a person who uses special skills to make things, especially with their hands
-
dismantle
take something apart so that it is in several pieces
-
gadget
a small piece of equipment which does a particular job
-
lead
a wire which connects a piece of electrical equipment to the electricity supply
-
permanent
lasting forever or for a very long time
-
run out
use all of something so that there is none left
-
stapler
a small piece of equipment used to fix papers together by pushing a small piece of metal through them
-
upgrade
improve the quality or usefulness of something
-
budget
a plan which shows how much money you have and how you will spend it
-
evaporate
(of a liquid) change into gas
-
extraction
the act of extracting something
-
in-house
done within a company by its employees, not by people from outside the company
-
productivity
a measure which compares the value of what a company produces with the time and money which it spends producing it
-
stationery
things which you use for writing (e.g. pens and paper)
-
target market
the group of people that a product is aimed at
-
banker’s card (also bank card, cheque card)
a card which you show when you pay for something by cheque to show that the bank promises to pay your cheques
-
courier
a person who transports documents or products
-
discount
a reduction in the usual price
-
freight
goods which are carried from one place to another by ship, rail, plane or truck
-
hang up
finish a telephone conversation and put the telephone down
-
hold the line
wait for a short time (on the telephone)
-
packing list
a list of goods that are packed and ready to send
-
ring off
finish a telephone conversation and put the telephone down
-
trade fair
an event where companies show and sell their products to retailers or other companies who work in the same field
-
banner
an advertisement that appears across the top of a webpage
-
channel
a way of getting something done or a way of communicating with people
-
fare
the money a passenger must pay for a journey
-
green
concerned with the protection of the environment
-
lifecycle
the length of time that people continue to buy a particular product
-
market research
activities to obtain and study information about the things which people buy or want to buy
-
public relations (PR)
the activity of keeping good relationships between an organisation and the public
-
agenda
a list of things to be discussed in a meeting
-
catering
the activity of providing food and drink
-
demonstrate
show something (e.g. a product) and explain how it works
-
entertainment
action of showing hospitality
-
rep
(abbr. of representative)
-
stylish
of high quality in appearance and design
-
aisle
the passage between seats on an aeroplane
-
debt
money that is owed to a person or company
-
duty-free shop
a shop in an airport or on board a ship where you can buy goods without paying government tax
-
heavy goods train
a train used for transporting large goods
-
reschedule
change the arranged time of something
-
soar
rise quickly to a high level or number
-
audiovisual equipment
equipment that allows you to hear and see something (e.g. a presentation)
-
convert
to change in form, character or use
-
flipchart
a board with large pieces of paper fixed at the top which can be turned over
-
IDD (International Direct Dialling) phone
a phone which you can use to make international calls without going through an operator
-
partition
a structure, usually a thin wall, which separates one part of a room from another
-
state-of-the-art
using the most recent technology and ideas
-
approach
a way of dealing with a situation or problem
-
chairman (also chairwoman, chairperson)
the person in charge of a meeting, conference or organisation
-
headquarters
the managerial centre of an organisation
-
panel
a small group of people brought together to decide or discuss something
-
rumour
an interesting story, which may or may not be true, that people are talking about
-
-
badge
a small piece of plastic or metal with words or design (e.g. your name and company) to attach to your clothes
-
crate
a large box used for storing or moving things
-
floristry
the business of arranging and selling flowers
-
lapel pin
a pin which is used to fasten something (e.g. a badge) to the front of your jacket
-
motto
a short sentence or phrase which expresses a belief or purpose
-
staffing
the action of providing employees for an organisation
-
wind up
gradually bring an activity to an end
-
commemorate
officially remember, with respect, people or an event, especially with a ceremony
-
giant
a very large, successful company
-
job description
a written list of the responsibilities you have and things you are expected to do in your work
-
pharmaceutical
concerned with the preparation of medicinal drugs
-
small talk
polite conversation about unimportant things
-
unwrap
remove the paper or material that covers something
-
at the cutting edge
at the most recent stage of development
-
boom
a period when a country or industry is very successful
-
committed
willing to give your time and energy to something that you believe in
-
cooperative
willing to work with people and do what they ask
-
dominate
have control over a person or group of people
-
implement
put into action
-
maintenance
the activity of keeping a building or machinery in good condition
-
original
not the same as anything else and therefore special and interesting
-
stand for
be an abbreviation of or symbol for
-
close a deal
finalise a business agreement
-
demanding
needing a lot of time, attention or energy
-
-
in due course
at a suitable time in the future
-
outing
a short trip taken for pleasure
-
bar chart (also bar graph)
a diagram in which different amounts are represented by rectangles of different length
-
gross domestic product (GDP)
the total value of goods and services which are produced within a country
-
make inroads
start to have a noticeable effect
-
overtake
become a greater amount (than something else)
-
recover
improve after a period of weakness or low value
-
trend
a general direction in which something is developing or changing
-
assembly
the process of putting together parts (e.g. of a machine, product or structure)
-
capital
money used to invest, lend or borrow
-
chase payment
try to make a person pay the money that they owe
-
creditor
a person or organisation that a company owes money to
-
deficit
the amount of money that a business has lost in a particular period of time
-
net
remaining after deduction of tax and other costs
-
overspend
spend more than was originally planned
-
profitability
the state of producing a profit
-
revenue
an organisation’s income or the money it receives
-
write off a debt
cancel the record of a bad debt
-
broker
a person who buys and sells shares for others
-
commission
an amount of money paid to an agent for arranging a sale or purchase
-
dividend yield
the amount of profit paid to shareholders, calculated as a percentage of the current share price
-
float
sell shares of a company on the stock market for the first time
-
portfolio
a collection of investments; all the products and services offered by a business
-
shareholder
a person who owns shares in a company
-
stock
shares, or a certain number of shares
-
business plan
a document giving details of a company’s expected sales, costs and future financial planning
-
entrepreneur
a person who starts up their own business, especially one which involves risk
-
loan
the act of lending something, or the money which is lent
-
pump money into
spend a lot of money on something to try to make it successful
-
resign
leave a job because you want to
-
shelf life
the length of time that a product, especially food, can be kept in a shop before it becomes too old to sell
-
applicant
a person who applies for something, especially a job
-
fulfilling
making you feel happy and satisfied
-
profile
a short description of a person which gives only the most important details
-
referee
a person who confirms in writing an applicant’s character or ability
-
turn down
reject or refuse
-
break the news
tell a person about something unpleasant which will affect or upset them
-
discrimination
the act or system of treating different groups of people in different ways, especially unfairly
-
hand in your notice
tell your employer that you intend to leave your job
-
interviewer
the person who asks the candidate questions during an interview
-
make someone redundant
stop employing a person because there is no longer enough work for them, or because the company cannot afford to continue employing them
-
-
sell off
get rid of something by selling it cheaply
-
venture
a new business activity which involves risk or uncertainty
-
appraisee
the employee who is receiving the appraisal
-
compromise
ending an argument or difference of opinion by each side agreeing to some of the demands of the other
-
expertise
a high level of knowledge or skill
-
income statement
a statement showing the amount of money earned and spent by a company in a particular period of time
-
refresher course
a training course to bring a person’s knowledge up to date, especially knowledge needed for a job
-
trainee
a person who is being taught certain skills for a job
-
audit
an official examination of something by an expert, usually the accounts of a business
-
folder
a collection of files kept together on a computer
-
open question
a question to which the answer is not just ‘yes’ or ‘no’
-
sick pay
the money that an employer pays to a person who is absent from work because of illness
-
atmosphere
the character or feeling of a place or situation
-
coordinate
make all the different people and different parts of an activity work together in an organised way
-
executive
a person in a high position in an organisation who makes decisions
-
human resources
the part of a business that deals with finding new employees, keeping records of employees and helping them with any problems, etc.
-
-
minutes
the official record of what people say and decide during a meeting
-
policy
a set of rules or a plan of what to do in a particular situation
-
research and development (R and D)
the department in a business which deals with planning new products and trying to improve existing ones
-
stock
provide something for people to buy
-
access
the opportunity to see or use something
-
challenging
difficult in a way which tests your ability or determination
-
competitive
equal to or better than others
-
open-door management style
a system where managers deal with employees’ problems quickly and directly
-
pool
allow something to be collected and shared by everyone in a group
-
put forward
state (an opinion or suggestion) for other people to consider
-
-
advertising campaign
a series of activities to advertise something
-
chain
a number of shops, hotels, etc. which are owned by the same company
-
commercial
an advertisement on TV or radio
-
exhibition
an event where companies show their products to the public
-
inherit
receive money or a business from a person after they have died
-
-
pension fund
an amount of money which people can pay into while working, which is then used to make regular payments to them after they retire
-
privatise
sell a company which is owned by the government to a private company or a member of the public
-
slogan
a short phrase used in advertising which is easy to remember
-
wrapper
a piece of paper or plastic which covers something that you buy (especially food)
-
broadband
a telecommunications system which allows information to be sent quickly between computers and other electronic equipment
-
download
copy data from one computer system to another or to a disk
-
graphic
image which is shown on a computer screen
-
home page
the first page that you should see when you look at a website
-
online
connected to the internet
-
set up
organise (an event); start (a new business)
-
update
make something more modern or give the most recent information to
-
blade
the sharp metal part of a machine or piece of equipment which is used to cut something
-
card index
a box for storing cards in a particular order
-
crash
suddenly stop working
-
fasten
fix something together, or fix one thing to another
-
hole punch
a small piece of equipment used for making holes in paper
-
lever
a handle that you push or pull to make a machine work
-
pliers
a piece of equipment with two handles for pulling small things (e.g. nails) or for cutting wire
-
seminar
a meeting of a group of people for discussion or training
-
temporary
lasting for only a short time
-
authorise
give official permission for something
-
budget holder
the person responsible for a particular budget
-
evaporation
the act of evaporating
-
filing cabinet
a piece of furniture in an office used for holding documents
-
label
a small piece of paper, material, etc. attached to an object which gives information about it
-
promote
encourage the popularity and sales of a product
-
supplier
a company which provides products or services
-
vat
a large container for mixing or storing liquids, especially in a factory
-
bear with someone
wait while a person does something
-
customs
the place at an airport or port through which goods must pass to make sure they are not illegal and where any tax must be paid
-
engaged
(of a telephone line) unavailable because already being used by another person
-
freight forwarding specialist
a person or company who arranges for goods to be transported from one place to another
-
heavy-duty
especially strong so that it can be used in difficult conditions
-
intellectual property (IP)
a person’s or company’s rights to profit from their idea or design (without another person copying it)
-
patent
the legal right to be the only person or company to make or sell an invention for a certain number of years
-
sales channel
the way or place in which something is sold
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trademark
a legally registered name or symbol which represents a company or product and cannot be used by another company
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brand identity
the values and qualities which people associate with a particular brand
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channel of distribution (also distribution channel)
the way in which goods are transported from producers to buyers
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forecast
say what you expect to happen in the future
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hospitality
the action of entertaining people in a welcoming and friendly way
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lifespan
the length of time a machine or piece of equipment is expected to last
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market share
the percentage of sales which a company has for a type of product compared with its competitors
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small ad
see classified ad
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branch
any of the offices or shops that belong to a large company
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compact
closely and neatly packed together to save space
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demonstration
the act of showing something and explaining how it works
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organiser
a small file or diary where you record your appointments and other useful information
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representative
an agent of a company who travels to clients to sell products
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voicemail
an electronic telephone answering system
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boarding card (also boarding pass)
the card that a passenger must have to show that they have passed security checks before getting on a plane
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departure lounge
the area in an airport where passengers wait before they get on a plane
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fee
payment made to a professional person in exchange for advice or services
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locker
a small cupboard which can be locked, usually one of several placed together in a public place
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road tax
a tax you must pay on your vehicle before you are allowed to drive it on the road
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thriving
growing and successful
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capacity
the total amount that can be contained or produced
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delegate
a person sent to represent others at a conference
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gym (abbr. of gymnasium)
a large room with equipment for doing physical exercises
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laundry service
a service offered by some hotels for washing, drying and ironing guests’ clothes
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safe
a locked cupboard where you can keep money and other valuable items
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suite
a set of connected rooms in a hotel
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autonomy
a company’s ability to choose and organise its own systems and activities
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diverse
made up of a variety of different things or different types of people
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negotiate
have formal discussions with a person in order to reach an agreement
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parcel
an object wrapped in paper so it can be sent by post
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stand
a temporary display area where products are shown, often at a conference or trade fair
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team-building
activities to encourage people to build relationships with each other and work together as a team
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be based in
live or work mainly in this place
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draw
a competition where people are given numbered tickets which are chosen at random to decide winners of prizes
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framework
order or structure
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mailshot
a piece of advertising material sent to a large number of addresses
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put down to
think something is caused by something else in particular
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telemarketing
selling goods or services by telephone
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body language
the movements and positions of your body which show other people how you are feeling, often without you knowing it
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department store
a large shop selling a variety of goods in different departments
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harmony
peacefulness or agreement
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minimal
of a very small amount
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product positioning
the way that people think about a product compared with competing products, or the way that the company would like them to think
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spectrum
the range of possible opinions, feelings or ways of behaving
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wrap
cover something with paper or material
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average
a standard or level which is considered to be normal or the number obtained by adding two or more amounts together and dividing the total by the number of amounts
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break down barriers
improve understanding and communication between people
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conflict
a serious disagreement or argument
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creative
producing and using new and unusual ideas
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forum
a meeting for the exchange of opinions
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interact
communicate and work together
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object
the aim or purpose of doing something
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participant
a person who takes part or gets involved in something (e.g. a training course)
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talented
having a natural ability to be good at something
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courteous
polite and respectful
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desalination
the process of removing salt from sea water
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get down to
begin to do or give serious attention to
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irrigation
the process of supplying land with water so that plants can grow
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speciality
a product for which a person, region or restaurant is famous
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fluctuate
rise and fall irregularly in number or amount
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level off
stop rising or falling and stay at the same level
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peak
the highest point or value of something
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recovery
the process of improving after a period of weakness or low value
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unemployment rate
the percentage of the working population who do not have a job
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bankrupt
unable in law to pay debts and therefore forced to stop operating
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capital employed
the money that a business invests back into the company
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component
a part which combines with other parts to form something bigger
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curriculum vitae
a written description of a person’s qualifications and previous employment
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gross
total, before any costs or taxes are deducted
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operating profit
the profit that a company makes from its usual activity
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pay off
pay back the full amount
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résumé (US)
see curriculum vitae
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subsidiary
one company which is owned or more than 50% owned by another
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bear market
a financial market where prices are falling
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building society
a financial organisation that pays interest on member’s savings and lends money for the purchase of property
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commodity
a substance or agricultural product that can be bought or sold in large amounts
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downturn
a reduction in business activity
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flotation
the process of offering shares of a company for sale to the public for the first time
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racecourse
a ground or track for horse or dog racing
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stake
a share or interest in a company
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asset
something valuable belonging to a business (e.g. machinery) which could be used for the payment of debts
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corporation
a large company or group of companies which acts as a single organisation and is recognised as such in law
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flood
arrive in large numbers
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merger
the process when two or more companies join together to form a larger company
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raise money
collect money
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savings
money kept in a bank to use later
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tap into
make use of something, especially people’s interest or ability
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appoint
officially choose a person for a job
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highlight
attract attention to
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recruitment
the process of finding new people to work for a company
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reference
a letter from a previous employer or teacher to confirm a person’s ability or reliability
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vacancy
a job that no one is doing (and therefore available for a new person to do)
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computer-literate
having knowledge of how to use and work with computers
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dismiss
remove from a job, especially when a person has done something wrong
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hire
employ a person to do a particular job
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job security
the situation of having a job which is likely to be permanent.
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promotion
the situation when a person is raised to a higher or more important position in their work
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redundant
no longer employed because there is not enough work
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stereotype
a fixed idea, especially one that is wrong, that people have about a type of person or thing
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anonymous
without the writer’s name on it
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appraiser
the manager who gives the appraisal
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corporate rate
a special price offered to companies
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eye-opener
something that surprises you and teaches you new facts about people or life
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revolutionise
completely change something so that it is much better
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absentee
a person who is not at work when they should be
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counselling
the process of listening to a person and giving them professional advice about their problems
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overload
too much of something
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spreadsheet
a computer programme for doing financial calculations and plans
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