quiz 3 - Phar 605

ciprofloxacin hydrochloride

fluoroquinolone antibiotic

prevents the synthesis of bacterial DNA by interfering with the enzyme DNA gyrase. Wide range of activity against Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria.

• Tablets (IR)
• Oral Suspension
• Injection

ciprofloxacin hydrochloride

fluoroquinolone antibiotic

prevents the synthesis of bacterial DNA by interfering with the enzyme DNA gyrase. Wide range of activity against Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria

• Tablets (extended)
• Oral Suspension
• Injection

acetaminophen with codeine

opioid analgesic

• acetaminophen - inhibiting prostaglandin synthesis in the CNS and through a peripheral action by blocking pain impulse generation
• codeine phosphate - centrally via action on the central opiate receptors

• Tablets (No. 2, 3, 4)
• Elixir (schedule C-V)

acetaminophen with codeine

opioid analgesic

• acetaminophen - inhibiting prostaglandin synthesis in the CNS and through a peripheral action by blocking pain impulse generation
• codeine phosphate - centrally via action on the central opiate receptors

• Tablets (No. 2, 3, 4)
• Elixer (schedule C-V)

alendronate sodium

osteoporosis agent

• alendronate - adheres to sites of bone resorption inhibiting osteoclast activity. Normal bone formed on top of alendronate and incorporated into bone matrix. Then is not pharmacologically active - must repeat process. Net effect is bone formation > bone resorption
• Vitamin D - for normal bone function and involved in the dietary absorption of calcium and phoshate.

• Tablets
• Oral solution
• Fosamax plus D

rosuvastatin calcium

antihyperlipidemic

selective competitive inhibitor of HMG-CoA reductase (HMG-CoA --> mevalonate --> cholesterol). Increases the number of LDL receptors on the surface cell --> increase uptake and catabolism of LDL and inhibits the hepatic synthesis of VLDL. Reduces total cholesterol, LDL-C, apo B, VLDL-C, and triglycerides and produce variable increases in HDL and apo A-1

Tablets (5, 10, 20, 40 mg)

amitriptyline hydrochloride

antidepressant

inhibits the membrane pump mechanism responsible for the reuptake of NE and serotonin athe presynaptic nerve terminals, potentiating activity at the postsynaptic terminals. One of the more sedative of the tricyclic anti-depressants.

Tablets (10, 25, 50, 75, 100, 150 mg)

fexofenadine hydrochloride

antiallergy agent

a metabolite of terfenadine, antagonizes H1 (histamine) receptors in peripheral tissues. Less frequent drowsyness = does not penatrate BBB.

• Tablets (30, 60, 180 mg)
• Tablets (orally disintegrating = Allegra ODT)
• Oral suspension

carvedilol

antihypertensive

nonselective beta-adrenergic blocking agent with alpha-1-adrenergic blocking activity.

Tablets (regular, generic - immediate release)

carvedilol

antihypertensive

nonselective beta-adrenergic blocking agent with alpha-1-adrenergic blocking activity.

Capsules (10, 20, 40, 80 mg)

risperidone

antipsychotic

unknown. Thought to act by direct antagonism of dopamine (D2) and serotonin (5HT2) receptors in the central nervous system. Also produces antagonism of alpha-1, alpha-2, and H-1 histaminergic receptors.

• Tablets (regular, orally-disintegrating = Risperdal-M-Tab)
• Oral solution
• Powder for Injection (Risperdal Consta)

tolterodine tartrate

urinary bladder modifier

competitive muscarinic receptor antagonist. Its effects on the bladder include an increase in residual urine, reflecting an incomplete emptying of the bladder, and a decrease in detrusor pressure.

Tablets (1, 2 mg)

tolterodine tartrate

urinary bladder modifier

competitive muscarinic receptor antagonist. Its effects on the bladder include an increase in residual urine, reflecting an incomplete emptying of the bladder, and a decrease in detrusor pressure.

Capsules (extended)

doxycycline hyclate

tetracycline antibiotic

prevents bacterial protein synthesis by competitively binding to the 30S ribosomal subunit.

• Tablets (regular, delayed)
• Capsules
• Syrup
• Powder for oral suspension
• Powder for injection

doxycycline hyclate

tetracycline antibiotic

prevents bacterial protein synthesis by competitively binding to the 30S ribosomal subunit.

• Tablets (regular, delayed)
• Capsule
• Syrup
• Powder for oral suspension
• Powder for injection

pantoprazole sodium

gastric antisecretory

a proton pump inhibitor (PPI) that suppresses the final step in gastric acid production by forming a covalent bond to two sites of the (H+, K+)-ATPase enzyme system at the secretory surface of the gastric parietal cell.

• Tablets (delayed)
• Granules for oral suspension
• Powder for injection

pregabalin

anticonvulsant/antineuralgic

mechanism may be related to its high binding affinity to the alpha(2)-delta site in CNS tissues. Structure similar to GABA, but not bind to GABA receptors nor alters GABA uptake or degradation. May increase the density of GABA transporter protein and increase the rate of functional GABA transport.

• Capsules
• Solution

amphetamine with dextromamphetamine salts

CNS agent for ADHD

For ADD is unknown. In adults, it causes CNS stimulation by a direct action on adrenergic receptors, releasing norepinephrine from storage sites.

Tablets

amphetamine with dextroamphetamine salts

CNS agent for ADHD

For ADD is unknown. In adults, it causes CNS stimulation by direct action on adrenergic receptors, releasing norepinephrine from storage sites.

Capsules (extended)

ondansetron hydrochloride

antiemetic

selective 5-HT3 receptor antagonist. These receptors found peripherally on vagal nerve terminals and centrally in the chemoreceptor trigger zone of the area postrema. Primary MOA in cytotoxic chemotherapy is thought to be through an inhibition of serotonin receptors in the small intestine.

• Tablets (regular, orally-disintegrating = ODT)
• Oral solution
• injectable

lansoprazole

gastric antisecretory

inhibits the H+/K+ ATPase enzyme system at the secretory surface of the gastric parietal cell. Gastric acid-pump inhibitor. Effect is dose-related and leads to both basal and stimulated gatric acid secretion irrespective of hte stimulus.

• Tablest (orally-disintegrating = SoluTab)
• Capsules (delayed)

oxycodone (hydrochloride) with acetaminophen

opioid analgesic

• acetaminophen - inhibiting prostaglandin synthesis in the CNS and through a peripheral action by blocking pain impulse generation
• oxycodone - centrally via action on the central opiate receptors

Tablets

oxycodone (hydrochloride) with acetaminophen

opioid analgesic

• acetaminophen - inhibiting prostaglandin synthesis in the CNS and through a peripheral action by blocking pain impulse generation
• oxycodone - centrally via action on the central opiate receptors

Tablets

oxycodone (hydrochloride) with acetaminophen

opioid analgesic

• acetaminophen - inhibiting prostaglandin synthesis in the CNS and through a peripheral action by blocking pain impulse generation
• oxycodone - centrally via action on the central opiate receptors

Tablets

atenolol

antihypertensive

relatively cardioselective beta-1-adrenergic receptor blocker which results in: (1) decreased heart rate and cardiac output, (2) decrease in systolic and diastolic blood pressure, (3) inhibition of isoproterenol tachycardia. Does not cross BBB.

Tablets (25, 50, 100 mg)

mometasone furoate monohydrate (intranasal)

antiallergy agent

forms steroid-receptor complex that stimulate or inhibit the transcription of m-RNA. Stimulation results in synthesis of specific enzymes that caryy out its antiallergy and anit-inflammatory actions.

Nasal spray

divalproex sodium

anticonvulsant/antipsychotic

dissociates into valproate in the GI tract. MOA is unkown although it is thought to be related to increased brain levels of GABA, possibly due to an inhibition of GABA transaminase or succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase or by inhibition of reuptake by glial cells and nerve endings.

• Tablets (enteric coated)
• Sprinkle capsules coated particles)

divalproex sodium

anticonvulsant/antipsychotic

dissociates into valproate in the GI tract. MOA is unknown although it is thought to be related to increased brain levels of GABA, possibly due to inhibition of GABA transaminase or succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase or by inhibition of reuptake by glial cells and nerve endings.

• Tablets (extended)
• Sprinkle capsules

metoprolol tartrate

antihypertensive

a relatively cardioselective beta-1 adrenergic receptor blocker which: (1) decreases heart rate and cardiac output; (2) decreases systolic and diastolic blood pressure; (3) inhibits isoproterenol tachycardia; (4) decreases reflex orthostatic tachycardia. Croses BBB.

• Tablets (25, 50, 100 mg)
• Injection (5 mg/5 mL)