honors biology terms

refers to a class of molecules ranging from small sugar molecules to large polysaccharides

a carbohydrate monomer

two monosaccharides joined together by a dehydration reaction

polymers of monosaccharides linked together by dehydration reaction

a storage polysaccharide in plants made of only glucose monomers (has one strand)

a storage polysaccharide in animals made of only glucose monomers (branched structure)

the most abudant organic compound on earth. forms tough cableike fibrils in the tough walls in plant cells

used by insects and crustaceans to build their exoskeletons

diverse compounds that are grouped together because they share one trait they mix poorly with water (ex oil and water)

water fearing

large lipid made from two kinds of smaller molecules: glycerol and fatty acid

having less that the maximum number of hydrogens

having the maximum number of hydrogens

major component of cell membranes

lipids whose carbon skeleton contains four fused rings

common component in animal cell membranes

synthetic varients of the male hormone testosterone

polymer constructed from amino acid monomers

acid that has an amino group and a carboxyl group

covalent linkage between two amino acids in a polypeptids

chain of amino acids

process that alters protiens

unique structure fo amino acids

second level of protien structure. parts of a polypeptide

Coiling of peptide chains

folding of peptide chains

3 dimensional shape of a polypeptide

two or more polypeptides chains

carbon based molecules

combounds composed of only carbon and hydrogen

chain of carbon atoms in an organic molecule

compounds with the same formula but different structures

assemblage of atoms commonly attached to the carbon skeleton of organic molecules and usually involved in chemical reactions

water loving

a hydrogen atom bonded to an oxygen atom which is in turn bonded to a carbon skeleton

a carbon atom atom linked by a double bond to an oxygen atom

carbon double bonded to an oxygen and also double bonded to a hydroxyl group

composed of a nitrogen bonded to two hydrogen atoms and the carbon skeleton

consits of a phosphorus atom bonded to four oxygen atoms

consists of a carbon bonded to three hydrogens

large biological molecules

large molecules made of small molecules joined together

a chemicla process in which tho moleciles become covalently bonded to each other withe the removal of a water molecule (dehydration reaction condensation dehydration sequence)

reverse dehydration. bonds break when water is added to them

specalized macromolecules the speed up chemical reactions in cells