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what is the function of blood?
- -transport gases, nutrients, and waste
- -moves molecules from one organ to another
- -tranport of regulatory molecules
- -regulates ph of body fluids
- -maintain body temp
- -protect against invading pathogens
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what is fibrinogen?
produce by liver, aid in blood clotting
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what is albumins?
- smallest and most numerous blood plasma protein produced by the liver
- - function as transport protein for several steriod hormones and fatty acids
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what is gloubins?
- produce by the liver and plasma cell
- -developed by b lymphocytes
- -antibodies help attack virues and bacteria
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95% formed elements
-transport O2 and CO2
Erythrocytes
-
mediate inflammation, immunity
Leukocytes
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assist in some types of clotting
platelets
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plasma is composed of???
- -91% H2O
- -7% protein
- -2% solutes
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name the 3 main protein of plasma
- -albumins
- -globulins
- -clotting protein (mostly fibrinogen)
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liquid portion of bld is
classified as a colloid
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albumin is what % of plasma?
58%
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albumin is what % of the total output of the liver?
50%
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maintenance of osmotic pressure?
Albumin
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makes plasma more viscous?
albumin
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name the different types of globulins
- -complement
- -transport protein
- -antibodies
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the main clot protein is
fibrinogen
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erthrocytes circulate about?
110-120 days
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O2 is transported by?
hemoglobin
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CO2 is transported by
conversion to bicarbonate
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erythropoeisis is?
the production of RBC's start in the red bone marrow with a precusor cell called a proerythroblast
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ECFU
- erythrocyte colony forming unit
- -becomes erythroblast
- -makes hemoglobin
- -cell becomes reticulocyte (nucleus loses its function)
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hemoglobin
a protein composed of 4 subunits( a2B2) and 4 heme groups
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heme group on each subunit contains ______, ______ binds here
iron atom, O2
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iron (fe2+) is delivered to Hb in bone marrow by
transferrin
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excess iron (fe2+) is maintain in the bld???
bound to ferritin
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expired erythrocytes break up in?
the spleen and liver
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heme is broken down into?
bilverdin Iron
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bilverdin is broken down into?
-
iron is broken dwn how?
- storage > reuse
- -loss by menstration
- injury, ect..
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globin is broken down how?
hydrolyzed to free amino acids
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things that make urine yellow?
- -vitamin B12
- -water intake
- -urobilin
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name the types of erythrocyte disorders
- polycythemia (excess rbc)
- anemia (low rbc)
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chemotaxis is?
chemical signaling that attract leukocytes (wbc)
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most common leukocyte is ?
neutrophil
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last 1-2 days, first responders, phagocytic
neutrophils
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granularcytes are
little sacs of protimmer emzynes
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worms, wheezes, weird diseases-elevated in parastic infection, allergies, and odd diseases
eosinophils
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basophils
- -least common wbc
- -release large amounts of histamine
- -release heparin which inhibits blood clotting
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largest leukocytes, circulate for a few days then leave circulation to become macrophages
monocytes
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majority are found in the lymphatic system
-two types b cell and t cell
lymphocytes
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what is hemostasis?
a sequence of responses that stops bleeding
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what is the stages in hemostasis?
- -vascular phase
- -platelet phase
- -coagulation
- -fibrinolysis
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what is the vascular phase?
a break in the wall of the blood vessel causes vascular spasms that narroe the blood vessels.
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what is the platelet phase?
platelets begin attaching to the site of lesion ( forms the platelet plug)
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thrombin
cleaves fibrinogen to form fibrin, fibrin forms a clot
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prothrombin activates?
thrombin
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factor x combines with what for activation?
- -factor III
- -factor V
- -Ca 2+
- -PF 3 (phospholipids)
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thrombin activates?
Fibrinogen > Fibrin > Fibrin polymer
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in the common pathway what happen at the platelet surface?
- factor Xa combines with factor V and
- Ca 2+
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hemophilia is?
defective clotting usually due to defective or lack of factor VIII
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Vitamin K is
fat soluble vitamin necessary for normal clotting
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fibrinolysis is?
the breaking down of fiber
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