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sleep is
a naturally ocurring altered state of consciousness characterized by decreases in awareness and responsiveness to stimuli
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rest is
awareness of the environment is maintained but motor or cognitive response is decreased.
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NREM is
non rapid eye movement
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REM is
Rapid eye movement
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NREM and REM are
cycled through several times while a persons sleeping.
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what are the phases of sleep?
- 1: light sleep, easily arroused, lasts a few minutes, feel relaxed and drowsy. person may say that they weren't asleep.
- 2: deeper relaxation, lasts 10-20 minutes vs. continue to decrease
- 3. early phase of deep sleep, difficult to arouse, little or no movement. lasts 15-30 minutes growth horomone and serotonin released.
- 4. deepest sleep, shortens toward morning, lasts 15-30 minutes vs very low difficult to awaken growth horomone released.
- 5. REM - rapid eye movement
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obstructive sleep apnea is:
muscles in the upper airway relax occluding the airway.
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the following cause obstructive sleep apnea:
- obesity
- jaw structure
- enlarged soft tissue airway
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symptoms of obstructive sleep apnea are:
- daytime sleepiness
- apneic periods reported by partner
- snoring
- restless sleep
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shift work disorder is
jet lag usually worse when traveling east to west.
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horomonal dysynchrony is
the adjustment of horomones to alterations in the timing of the sleep period.
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what are the stage one physiologic and biochemical correlates
- muscles are relaxed
- eyes display rolling movements
- respirations are even
- pulse rate is decreased
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stage two physiologic and biochemical correlates
eyes may appear to roll
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stage three physiologic and biochemical correlates
- muscles are very relaxed but tone is maintained
- respirations are even
- growth horomone and serotonin are released
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stage 4 physiologic and biochemical correlates
- blood pressure, temperature, pulse rate, urine secretion, and oxygen consumption of muscles are decreased.
- growth horomone released
- snoring may occur
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stage 5 physiologic and biochemical correlates
- muscles are at lowest tone
- blood pressure, pulse, vaginal secretions, cerebral blood flow, and oxygen consumption are increased.
- repirations fluctuate
- episodic cortisol and ACTH and catecholamines are released
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stage 1 dreaming and awareness
- person may feel a sense of floating or see idle images.
- if person is awakened may say he or she was not asleep.
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stage 2 dreaming and awareness
person awakens easily and may report that he or she was thinking or daydreaming
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stage 3 dreaming and awareness
dreams are less dramatic more realisic and may lack plot. person requires stronger stimuli to awaken.
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stage 5 dreaming and awareness
dreams have vivid content full color sounds implausible settings. may involve a sense of paralysis. person is difficult to awaken except with significant stimuli.
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what is the main reason for shoft works disturbed sleep?
the dysynchrony of trying to sleep at times when the body's circadian rhythm is set for wakefulness.
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who adjusts to shif work better?
those who are younger and are more evening people.
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the accumulated sleep debt may lead to
compromised clinical judgement and decision making.
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