-
A patient has started bethanechol. What is most likely to happen?
- Increased urine outflow,
- increased GI motility, minimal effects on the heart, M2 agonist.
-
A patient has taken an overdose of donepezil (Aricept). What is most
likely to happen?
- Defecation, bradycardia,
- respiratory paralysis, atropine is an
- antidote.
-
A patient has taken an overdose of scopolamine. What is most likely to
happen?
- Auditory and visual
- hallucinations, respiratory depression, convulsions, physostigmine is an
- antidote.
-
A patient has started prazosin. What is most likely to happen?
- Decreased blood pressure,
- reflex tachycardia, α1 receptor inhibition, no inhibition of M receptors
-
A patient has started oxybutynin. What is most likely to happen?
- Urine retention, dry mouth,
- mydriasis, vomiting.
-
A patient is using phenylephrine eye drops. What is most likely to
happen?
- Mydriasis, vasoconstriction
- in the eye, improvement of dry eye, stimulation of α1
- receptors.
-
A patient has started metoprolol. What is most likely to happen?
- Decreased cardiac output, increased
- peripheral resistance, decreased blood pressure, decreased exercise capacity.
-
An intravenous injection of dopamine in a patient will most likely
produce what effect?
- Increased heart rate,
- increased blood pressure, reflex decrease in blood pressure, increased urine flow.
-
A patient has just taken a cysteinyl-leukotriene antagonist. What is
most likely to happen?
- Zafirlukast will cause
- bronchial relaxation, decrease Ca+2 fluxes, inhibit Gi and inhibit Gq/11.
-
A patient has just taken cocaine. What is most likely to happen?
- Cocaine inhibits
- norepinephrine reuptake, inhibits Na+ transport through the reuptake transporter,
- inhibits Cl- transport through the reuptake transporter and inhibits dopamine
- reuptake.
-
A patient has just taken amitriptyline. What is most likely to happen?
- Norepinephrine reuptake
- decreases, sodium influx decreases, chloride influx decreases, potassium
- outflow decreases.
-
A patient has just taken levodopa. What is most likely to happen?
- Levodopa competes with amino
- acids for uptake across the gut and the blood brain barrier, HAT (heterodimeric
- amino acid transporters) transports levodopa.
-
A patient has started a beta agonist, albuterol. What is most likely to
happen?
- Receptor dimerization, GTP
- binding to Gα, renin secretion, phosphorylation by BARK
-
A patient has just started a MOR agonist, oxycodone. What is most likely
to happen?
- RGS binds to Gα, increase
- GTPase activity, chronic desensitization of MOR, no internalization by clathrin
- pits.
-
A patient has just started a drug that produces NO in the body,
nitroglycerin. What is most likely to happen?
- Vasodilation, cGMP levels
- increase, guanylyl cyclase activity increases, cGMP protein kinase activity
- increases.
-
A patient has just started an AT1 antagonist, candesartan. What is most
likely to happen?
- Blood pressure decreases,
- vascular inflammation decreases, platelet NAD(P)H oxidase activity decreases,
- calpain activity decreases.
-
A patient has just started a statin. What is most likely to happen?
- Macrophage adherence to
- endothelial cells may not change, liver LDL receptors increase, cholesterol and
- LDL clearance from the blood increases, internalization of liver LDL receptors
- may increase.
-
A patient has just started a calcium channel blocker, verapamil. What
is most likely to happen?
- Calcium entry into
- endothelial cells decreases, the β subunit regulates channel activity through
- Gs, MAGUK activity in the β subunit is important for channel localization, phosphorylation
- of the channel by protein kinase and tyrosine kinase regulates activity.
-
A patient has just started digoxin. What is most likely to happen?
- Phosphorylation of a
- β-aspartate on the α subunit of the receptor stabilizes drug activity, digoxin
- binds to the cytoplasmic face of the α subunit, extracellular K+ promotes
- dephosphorylation of the pump, dephosphorylation of the pump displaces digoxin.
-
A patient has just had several botulinum toxin A injections. What is
most likely to happen?
- Acetylcholine release into
- the synapse decreases, chemical denervation results in loss of some nerve
- terminals, regrowth of new nerve terminals takes up to 3 months, in Bell’s
- Palsy loss of motor neurons can occur.
-
A patient is being treated with an agonist. What is most likely to
happen?
- It will bind to the active
- form of the receptor, it will not bind to the inactive form of the receptor, it
- will push the equilibrium toward receptor activation, it may compete with the
- natural ligand.
-
A patient is being treated with an antagonist. What is most likely to happen?
- It will compete with the natural
- ligand, it will bind to the active form of the receptor, it will bind to the
- inactive form of the receptor, it will not affect the activation of the
- receptor.
-
A patient is being treated with a low potency drug. What is most likely to
happen?
- It will require a higher
- dose than for a high potency drug, efficacy may be high or low, the time to
- produce a response may be long or short.
-
A patient is being treated with a high efficacy drug. What is most likely
to happen?
- It will produce a larger
- effect than a low efficacy drug, the potency may be high or low, the time to
- produce a response may be long or short.
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