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PR management process
- 1. defining the problem
- 2. programming
- 3. action
- 4. evaluation
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R.A.C.E.
- Research
- Action
- Communication
- Evaluation
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categories of PR tasks
- 1. advice
- 2. communication service
- 3. research/analysis
- 4. PR action programs
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Types of organizational environments
- PR departments
- PR agencies
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Revenue of worldwide PR industries
- $5.4 billion
- $4 billion in the US alone
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Reputational management
the ability to link reputation business goals to increase support and to increase the organization's success
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What composes an organization's reputation?
- 1. rational of product and performance
- 2. emotional behavior factor
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P.E.R.T.
- 1. program
- 2. evaluation
- 3. review
- 4. techniques
-first developed in the 1950s by the Navy to help manage complex projects
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Gant Chart
- -developed by Charles Gant in 1917
- -focuses on the sequence of tasks necessary for completion of a project at hand
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What is the practice of PR based on?
- -always doing the right thing
- -acting ethically
- -all about earning credibility
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Ethics
standards of conduct that indicate how one should behave based on moral duties and virtues
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Applied ethics
another name for professional ethics
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Two critical components of PR
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Code of conduct
a formal statement of the values and business practices of corporations
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Corporate social responsibility
- -idea emerged in the early 1960s
- -Society of Professional Journalists; Sigma Delta Chi
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First Amendment
- -freedom of speech
- -cornerstone of journalistic society
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Defamation laws
laws that address libel and slander
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Privacy
- -protected by law unless dealing with a public figure
- -actual malice must be proved in slander charges
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SEC
- Securities and Exchange Commission
- -stems from the Securities Act of 1933 and the Securities Exchange Act of 1934
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Malice
statements have been published with the knowledge that they are false
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Material announcement
- one that might cause an investor to buy, hold, or sell stock
- -Martha Stewart Case
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governs the ethics of lobbyist
Federal Regulation of Lobbying Act
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Copyright law
- provides basic automatic protection for writers
- -an original work of authorship has copyright protection
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Trademark law
refers to a word, or a slogan, used along or in combination that identifies a product of its sponsor
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Cyber squatting
- grabbing domain names in bad faith in hopes of tormenting the rightful registrant
- -ex: www.Kmartsucks.com
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Fair Use
- -news reporting
- -teaching
- -open to interpretation by the courts
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Research
the systematic collection and interpretation of intofmation to increase understanding
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Two major types of research
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Applied Research
- -solves practical problems
- -strategic or evaluative
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Theoretical Research
-used for building theories in PR work
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Secondary Research
-research taken from another source
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Methods of PR Research
- -observation
- -surveys
- -communication audits
- -unobtrusive measures
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Surveys
-used to measure attitudes, opinions, behaviors
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Descriptive Surveys
- -describe a condition or situation
- -answers "what"
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Explanatory Surveys
- -explain a condition or situation
- -answers "why"
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Four elements of a survey
- 1. Sample
- 2. Questionnaire
- 3. Interview
- 4. Analysis of results
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Sample
refers to a selected target group representative of the total public
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Nonrandom sampling
3 types
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2 properties essential when random sampling
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Questionnaire considerations
- -objective of the research
- -scope
- -publics
- -method of research
- -design
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Questionnaire design elements
- -keep it short
- -keep it simple
- -enclose a reward
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Interviews
- one-on-one
- panels
- focus groups
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Focus groups
participants selected by predetermined characteristics
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Communication Audits
consistency, effectiveness, validity, relationships, and methods
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Web research
- intimate research
- precise
- timely
- reduces cost
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