PHYSIO QUIZ

• 2 bands
• 2 sizes of genes

• 1 band
• 1 size of gene

Polymerase Chain Reaction

Denaturing (separating) of the two DNA strands by heating to 90-95^o C

Annealing- tube is cooled to 55-65^oC because primers cannot bind at high temperatures. Primers bind to DNA strand.

Elongation- make a complete copy of template. Temperature is raised because Taq polymerase works best at 72^oC. Taq polymerase adds nucleotides to primers and eventually makes a copy.

Anneal to complementary DNA bases and determine the fragment of DNA that will be copied.

DNA piece of interest that is copied

Elongates the DNA strand. Adds nucleotides to primers and eventually makes a copy.

form the primer. Complementary base pairing

• Forensics
• Paternity Testing
• Genetic Disease Diagnosis

white at the bottom of gel

more than 2 bands

• not enough target DNA
• extraction didnt work
• forgot ingredients

• thyroid gland isnt working
• pituitary gland has problems
• testes didnt mature
• adrenal glands are cancerous

is an important connection between the brain and the endocrine glands

puts pressure on the pituitary and disrupted its functions

• Irradiation to kill the pituitary and any tumor associated
• Cartilage operation on his knee/ metal pins in both hips