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What virus does not have to be uncoated in the host cell?
Pox virus
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What virus can replicate in an all ready replicating cell?
Parvovirus
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Where does viral DNA and RNA replication take place in a host cell?
- DNA = nucleus
- RNA = cytoplasm
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7 viral methods of transmission? ADIF VIT
- Aerosol
- Direct contact
- injection
- Fomite
- Vector
- Ingestion
- transplacental
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What are the two virion nucleic acid packaging methods?
- Extended (loose) NA form: Influenza
- Condensed (tight) NA form: Adenovirus
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4 biological properties of viruses?
- Host range
- Transmission
- Tissue tropism
- Replication
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What 5 diseases are strong viral risk factors for cancer?
- HPV
- EBV (burkitt's lymphoma)
- Hep B & C
- Herpes type 8
- T-cell lymphotropic type 1
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What is a non-lytic virus-host interaction?
Prophage that is living off of the host but not killing it
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What is bacteriophage lysogeny?
The viral DNA is replicated every time the bacterial DNA is replicated
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What is another term for lysogeny?
Temperate
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What happens with lysogeny w/ cAMP high and cAMP low?
- High = Lysogeny
- Low = Lytic cycle
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What is another term for Lysogeny termination? How does it work?
- ***Prophage induction
- - If cell is dying or low on resources, the virus enter the lytic cycle to kill the cell and leave to find another host
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Which drug is a strong prophage inducer?
Quinolone
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What is special about persistent infections?
Long, active life in host but different from lysogeny, although not fully understood
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Three types of persistent infection?
- 1) Latent: virus gone once disease is over
- 2) Chronic:
virus still around after disease, Hep B- 3) Transforming:
virus turns cancer, HPV
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3 viral modifications, CPE, in host
- 1) Inclusion body: replication in one small area, RABIES
- 2) Syncytia formation:giant cell formation, evade immune system
- 3) Nuclear alterations: ring structure, PLASMID
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Three main methods to help ID a virus?
- 1) Direct examination: microscope, CPE, ab, antigens, etc...
- 2) Culture: egg, plaque, whole animal
- 3) Pt serum:ab test
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Most popular method of viral culturing?
Pock formation in eggs
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What method is used to culture prions?
Death/pathology of organism
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What Ab is present during viral infections and how high should it be?
IgM, 4xs higher
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Four methods of controlling viral spread?
- Quarantine
- Vaccination: MMR, etc...
- Passive immunization: Abs for disease
- Antiviral agent (toxic)
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What is different about a prion?
- Higher proteins
- No genome
- easily spread
- slow
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Name three common Prion diseases
- Mad Cow
- Scrapie in sheep
- CJD
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Replication pattern diff b/t viruses and prions?
- Viruses = assembly line
- Prions = chain rxns
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