anatomy

Point of contact between:
2 bones or
cartilage and bone or
teeth and bones

Structural classification based on (2 things)

Joint of cartilage

Joint capsule and accessory ligaments

Lack a synovial cavity
Bones held closely together by fibrous connective tissue
Little or no movement

Thin layer of dense fibrous connective tissue unites bones of the skull
Immovable

What are the 3 types of fibrous joints?

Fibrous joint
Bones united by ligament
Slightly movable
Anterior tibiofibular joint and Interosseous membrane

Teeth in alveolar processes
Ligament (periodontal) holds cone-shaped peg in bony socket
Immovable

Lacks a synovial cavity
Allows little or no movement
Bones tightly connected by fibrocartilage or hyaline cartilage

What are the two types of cartilaginous joints?

Connecting material is hyaline cartilage
Epiphyseal plate or joints between ribs and sternum
Immovable

Fibrocartilage is connecting material
Intervertebral discs and pubic symphysis
Slightly movable

Synovial cavity separates _________ bones

Freely moveable joint

What does articular cartilage do? (2)

What are the two layers of the Articular capsule (2 layers)

Inner lining of Articular capsule
Secretes synovial fluid (slippery)
Brings nutrients to articular cartilage

Outside joint capsule
Accessory ligaments

Within capsule
Acessory ligaments

Attached around edges of capsule
Allow 2 bones of different shape to fit tightly together
Increase stability of joint

Fluid-filled saclike extensions of the joint capsule
Reduce friction between moving structures
-skin rubs over bone
-tendon rubs over bone

Tubelike bursae that wrap around tendons at wrist and ankle where many tendons come together in a confined spac

Chronic inflammation of a bursa

Gliding Movement: Bone surfaces are _____ or slightly ______

True or false: side to side movement only of joints
True False

What prevents rotation of joints?

Angular Movement: Hinge Joint- Convex surface of one bones fits into ______ surface of 2nd bone

Examples of Angular Movement: Hinge Joint

Decreasing the joint angle

Increasing the joint angle

Opening the joint beyond the anatomical position

Bone revolves around this

Turning of anterior surface in towards the midline

Turning of anterior surface away from the midline

Movement of a distal end of a body part in a circle
Combination of flexion, extension, adduction and abduction

Movement with no change in angle of joint

Increase or decrease in angle between articulating bones (• flexion, extension, hyperextension • adduction, abduction• circumduction is a combination of above movement)

Bone revolves around its own axis

Uniquely named movements for jaw, hand and foot

Special Movements of mandible:
1. Upward

Special Movements of mandible:
Downward

Special Movements of mandible:
Forward

Special Movements of mandible:
Backward

Name the Special Hand and Food Movements (6)

Articular capsule from glenoid cavity to anatomical neck
Many nearby bursa
Rotator cuff (provides support without restricted movement)

What are the supporting structures at shoulder? (2)

Head of femur and acetabulum of hip bone
Ball and socket type of joint
Bony support restricts movement

Dense, strong capsule reinforced by ligaments
One of strongest structures in the bod

Between femur, tibia and patella
Hinge joint between tibia and femur

Gliding joint between patella and femur
Flexion, extension, and slight rotation of tibia on femur when knee is flexed

What is the articular capsule of the Tibiofemoral Joint composed of?

Lateral and medial menisci of tibiofemoral joint

Many bursa
Vulnerable joint
Knee injuries damage ligaments & tendons since bones do not fit together well

Patella is part of ______ ___________ anteriorly
Rest of articular capsule is extracapsular ligaments
– Fibular and tibial collateral ligaments

C-shaped fibrocartilage in knee

nearly circular structure in knee

Autoimmune disorder
Cartilage attacked
Inflammation, swelling & pain
Final step is fusion of joint