Eye

• ot/o = ear
• rhin = nose
• laryng/o = throat
• -logy = study of

study of ear, nose and throat ENT

• ocul/o
• opthamology

• opt/o
• optic

• audi/o
• acous/o

• bin- = two
• ocul/o = eye
• -ar = pertaining to

this vision sends two slightly different images to the brain which produces our depth of vision

oculus dextra

oculus sinistra

• supra- = above
• orbit/o = orbit
• -al = pertaining to

The eyebrows

canth/o


the corner of the eye

• blephar/o
• palperbr/o

area where upper and lower eyelid meet

blinking

conjunctiv/o

membrane that lines the eyelids

• lacrim/o
• dacry/o

produced by the lacrimal glands

glands that secrete oil to lubricate the eyelashes

dacryoaden/o

dacryocyst/o

tears drain into this sac

• nas/o = nose
• lacrim/o = tears
• -al = pertaining to

tears drain from the lacrimal sacs through these ducts to the nose

• extra- = outside
• ocul/o = eye
• -al = pertaining to

attach the eyeball to the orbit and move the eye

layer

outer layer of the eyeball. consists of the sclera and the cornea

scler/o

uve/o

the middle layer of the eyeball

made up of the choroid, ciliary body and the iris

the inner layer of the eyeball.

consists of the retina

• corne/o
• kerat/o

the lens of the eye is flattened to see something far away and is thickened to see something close.

the white part of the eye

sclera means hard

portion of the sclera that is transparent and covers the anterior section of the eye

where refraction occurs

the border of the cornea between it and sclera

• ir/o
• irid/o

smooth muscle that contracts and relaxes to moderate the amount of light that enters the eye

the colored part of the eye

• pupil/o
• core/o
• cor/o

dark area in the center of the iris where the light continues its progres to the lens

cycl/o

thin strands of muscle that holds the lens in place

the fluid produced by its capillaries is called the aqueous humor

• phak/o
• phac/o

made of protein and covered by an elastic capsule. held in place by thin strands of muscle that make up the ciliary body

fluid that nourishes the cornea, gives shape to the anterior eye and maintains an optimum introcular pressure

vitre/o

jellylike substance between the retina and the lens.

holds the chorioid membrane against the retina to ensure and adequate blood supply

retin/o

inner layer of the eye

contains sensory receptors for the images carried by the light rays

sensory receptor

responsible for vision in dim light

sensory receptor concentrated in the central area of the retina

responsible for color vision

macul/o

area of the retina on which the light rays focus

area within the macula that contains only cones and provides the sharpest image

papill/o

allows a natural blind spot in our vision

this is where the optic nerve leaves the retina to travel to the brain.

two

outside

above

• blephar/o = eyelid
• -edema = swelling

swelling of the eyelid

• blephar/o = eyelid
• -itis = inflammation

inflammation of the eyelid

• blephar/o = eyelid
• -chalasis = relaxation/slackening

hypertrophy of the skin of the eyelid

• blephar/o = eyelid
• -ptosis = drooping

drooping of the upper eyelid

• ec- = out
• trop/o = turning
• -ion = process of

turning outward of the eyelid

• en- = in
• trop/o = turining
• -ion = process of

turning inward of the eyelid

meibomian cyst

stye = infection of one of the sebacous glands of the eyelash

• dacryoaden/o = lacrimal gland
• -itis = inflammation

inflammation of the tear duct

• dacryocyst/o = lacrimal sac
• -itis = inflammation

inflammation of the lacrimal sac

excessive tears

• xer/o = dry
• opthalmal/o = eye
• -ia = condition

dry eye

• conjunctiv/o = conjunctiva
• -itis = inflammation

inflammation of the conjunctiva

pink eye

• opthalm/o = eye
• -ia = condition

• neo- new
• nat/o = born
• -um = structure

servere conjunctivitis in the newborn

• ambly/o = dull, dim
• -opia = vision condition

dull of dim vision due to disuse

• dipl/o = double
• -opia = vision condition

double vision

• ex- = out
• opthalm/o = eye
• -ia = condition

protrusion of the eyeball

• phot/o = light
• -phobia= condition of fear

extreme sensitivity to light

lack of coordination of the eyes

• eso- = inward
• trop/o = turning
• -ia = condition

turning inward of one of both eyes

• exo- = outward
• trop/o = turning
• -ia = condition

turning outward of one or both eyes

malcurvature of the cornea leading to blurred vision

• hyper- = excessive
• -opia = vision condition

farsightedness

• my/o = to shut
• -opia = vision condition

nearsightedness

• presby- = old age
• -opia = vision condition

loss of elasticity of the lens

• corne/o = cornea
• -al = pertaining to

an abrasion of the outer covering of the eye

• kerat/o = cornea
• -itis = inflammation

inflammation of the cornea

• an- = not
• is/o = equal
• cor/o = pupil
• -ia = condition

unequally sized pupils

• hypo- = under
• hem/o = blood
• -a = noun ending

blood in the anterior chamber of the eye

• uve/o = uvea
• -itis = inflammation

inflammation of the uvea (iris, ciliary body and choroids)

• a- = without
• phak/o = lens
• -ia = condition

no lens

loss of transparency of the lens

• glauc/o = gray, bluish green
• -oma = mass

abnormal intraocular pressure due to obstruction of the outflow of aqueous humor

• a- = without
• chromat/o = color
• -opsia = vision condition

color blindness

progressive destruction of the macula. resulting in a loss of central vision

• retin/o = retina
• -pathy = disease

damage of the retina due to diabetes

• hemi- = half
• an- = not, without
• -opsia = vision condition

loss of half the visual field (result of CVA)

• nyctal/o = night blindness
• -opia = vision condition

night blindness, inablility to see well in dim light

seperation of the retina from the corneal layer

• retin/o = retina
• -itis = inflammation

hereditary disease marked by night blindness and progressive loss of visiual field

• scot/o = darkness
• -oma = mass

blind spot

involuntary back and forth movement of the eye

• opt/o = vision
• -ic = pertaining to

• neur/o = nerve
• -itis = inflammation

inflammation of the optic nerve

• chorod/o = choroid
• -al = pertaining to

• hemangi/o = blood vessel
• -oma = mass

tumor of the blood vessel under the retin

• intra- = within
• ocul/o = eye
• -ar = pertaining to

• melan/o = black
• -oma = mass

malignant tumore of the choroid, ciliary body or iris

• retin/o = retina
• blast/o = embronic, immature
• -oma = tumor

condition present at birth that arises from embryonic retinal cells

test to asses central vision

level of measurement that quantifies the amount of nearsightedness, farsightedness and astigmatism

• angi/o = vessel
• -graphy = process of recording

procedure where dye is injected into the eye to confirm retinal disease

use of a dye in the eyes that allows you to see abnormalities of the cornea

• goni/o = angle
• -scopy = visual exam

visual exam of the angle of the anterior chamber of the eye to diagnose glaucoma

• opthalm/o = eye
• -ic = pertaining to

• son/o = sound
• -graphy = process of recording

use of sound waves to look at the interior of the eye

• opthalm/o = eye
• -scopy = visual exam

any visual exam of the interior of the eye

test to determkine the amount of tears produced

used to examine the various layers of the eye

• ton/o = tone, tension
• -metry = process of measurment

measuring the intraocular pressure

test of the clearness or sharpness of vision

also called the snellen test

test to determine the area of physical space visible to an individual

• blephar/o = eyelid
• -plasty = surgical repair

surgical repair of the eyelids

• blephar/o = eyelid
• -rrhapy = suture

suture of the eyelid

• dacryocyst/o = lacrimal sac
• rhin/o = nose
• -stomy = new opening

creation of an opening between the tear duct and the nose

• e- = out
• nucle/o = nucleus
• -ation = process of

removal of the entire eyeball

• e- = out
• viscer/o = organ
• -ation = process of

removal of the contents of the eyeball, leaving the sclera intact

removal of the entire contents of the orbit

• scler/o = sclera
• -tomy = incision

incision in the sclera of the eye to treat presbyopia (loss of elasticity of the lens)

cornea is cut to change the shape to correct refractive error

keratotomy

• kerat/o = cornea
• -tomy = incision

incision of the cornea to treat astigmatism by shaping a more rounded cornea

• kerat/o = cornea
• -tomy = incision

laser reshaping of the cornea

any procedure where the cornea is cut to allow access to a lower structure

laser is used to remove material under the corneal flap.

• ex- = out
• tract/o = pull
• -ion = process of

removal of the lens to treat cataracts

• intra- = within
• ocul/o = eye
• -ar = pertaining to

use of an implanted artifical lens

phac/o = lens

destruction and removal of the contents of the capsule by breaking it into small pieces and removing it

• core/o = pupil
• -plasty = surgical repair

surgical repair to form and artifical pupil

• goni/o = angle
• -tomy = incision

incision of the schlemm canal to correct glaucoma by providing an exit for aqueous humor

• trabecul/o = little beam
• -tomy = incision

incision of the orbital network of the eye to promote circulation and decrease intraocular pressure

• retin/o = retina
• -al = pertaining to

• phot/o = light
• coagulation = to clot

destruction of retinal lesions using light rays

• scler/o = sclera
• -al pertaining to

reattachement of the retina using a cryoprobe

• vitr/o = vitreous humor, glossy
• -ectomy = removal

removal of all or part of the vitreous humor

drugs that induce paralysis of the cilliary body to allow examination of the eye

used to decrease the intraocular pressure by decreasing the amount of fluid in the eye or by increasing the drainage

dorzolamide, pilocarpine, latanoprost

drugs that cause the pupils to constrict

drugs that cause the pupil to dialate