Chapter 6

Which of the following is NOT a quantitative approach to describing behavior?

A) the percentage of students enrolled in 4 or more courses
B) personal explanations for not wearing seat belts
C) the number of drivers that are stopped by police officers each day
D) the average age of children entering school

Dr. V should use ___________ to describe and understand how homeless people live.

A) naturalistic observation
B) a field experiment
C) archival research
D) a lab experiment

Which of these statements is TRUE about naturalistic observations?

A) The field researcher becomes a direct participant interacting with those who are being observed.
B) The field researcher keeps detailed field notes.
C) The goal is to test hypotheses formed prior to the study.
D) both a and b

Naturalistic observation requires accurate description and ___________ interpretations.

A) subjective
B) intuitive
C) positive
D) objective

Which of the following is a limitation of naturalistic observations?

A) Field research is very difficult to do.
B) Field research can be very time consuming.
C) It cannot be used to investigate complex social settings.
D) both a and b

A negative case is __________.

A) an observation that does not fit the researcher’s explanatory structure
B) a study with missing data
C) a study with too little data
D) unusual data turned up because the researcher is not familiar with the setting

__________ observation refers to the careful observation of one or more specific behaviors in a particular setting.

A) Systematic
B) Specific
C) Nonparticipatory
D) Naturalistic

A(n) _________ is a type of case study in which a researcher applies psychological theory to explain the life of an individual.

A) psychobiography
B) autobiography
C) histobiography
D) case biography

Case studies are used to describe __________.

A) all of these
B) neighborhoods
C) businesses
D) individuals

__________ research involves using previously compiled information to answer research questions.

A) Laboratory
B) Case study
C) Archival
D) Experimental

Which of the following is NOT a type of archival research data?

A) written records
B) survey archives
C) oral statements
D) statistical records

Which of the following is a major problem with the use of archival data?

A) The desired records may be difficult to obtain.
B) Information collected by someone else may not be accurate.
C) There is tremendous bias in written records.
D) both a and b

Books, magazine articles, movies, television programs, and newspapers are examples of ___________ records.

A) cultural communication
B) ethnographical
C) written
D) mass communication

Letters preserved by historical societies are an example of __________.

A) written records
B) survey data
C) mass communication records
D) both a and b

To find out more about cultural differences in marriage customs, a researcher could access the ___________.

A) Family Interaction Coding System
B) SYMLOG
C) Educational Testing Service
D) Human Relations Area Files

Focus groups are used to collect qualitative data.

A)True
B)False
True False

Naturalistic observation has roots in anthropology and the study of animal behavior.

A)True
B)False
True False

The data in naturalistic observation studies are primarily quantitative in nature.

A)True
B)False
True False

A potential problem with participant observation is remaining objective of the situation.

A)True
B)False
True False

Naturalistic observation is most useful when studying well-defined hypotheses under specified conditions.

A)True
B)False
True False

Bakeman and Brownlee (1980) developed a coding system to examine the videotaped social behavior of young children.

A)True
B)False
True False

When conducting systematic observations, two or more raters usually code the behavior.

A)True
B)False
True False

The Human Relations Area Files contain public health statistics and test score records.

A)True
B)False
True False

The General Social Survey is a data set which contains anthropologists' descriptions of many cultures.

A)True
B)False
True False

Content analysis requires researchers to devise coding systems that raters can use to quantify information.

A)True
B)False
True False

THE END