-
Endocrine organ which controls action of pituitary gland
Hypothalamus
-
Posterior pituitary is linked to
nerves
-
Anterior pituitary is linked to
blood
-
2 neurohormones that posterior pituitary gland secretes due to the nerve cells in hypothalamus
- Antidiuretic hormone (ADH or vasopressin)
- Oxytocin
-
Neurohormone which controls water balance
ADH
-
Neurohormone which controls uterine contractions & lactation
Oxytocin
-
Hormones which affect the release of another hormone
(by traveling to tissue & signaling release/inhibition of another hormone)
Tropic hormones
-
2 general types of tropic hormones
- Releasing hormones
- Inhibiting hormones
-
Explain how the hypothalamic-pituitary portal system works
- It's a blood connection
- The portal vein links the hypothalamic capillary bed to the anterior pituitary capillary bed. So when neurosecretory cells secrete hormones into hypothal cap bed, they travel down portal vein and go to anterior pit cap bed; from here they go to blood
-
____ secretes tropic hormones that affect the ______'s secretion of hormones
- Hypothalamus
- anterior pituitary's
-
Where are adrenal glands located and what are their layers?
on top of kidneys; cortex and medulla
-
Adrenocorticoids are secreted by the adrenal ___
cortex
-
Catecholamines are a chemical class of hormones which are secreted by the adrenal ____
medulla
-
3 types of adrenocorticoids
- Mineralocorticoids (aldosterone): Na+, K+ levels
- Sex hormones (adrogens): reproduction
- Glucocorticoids (cortisol): stress response, metabolism
-
Mineralcorticoids (aldosterone)
Regulates sodium and postassium levels
-
Sex hormones (androgens) of adrenal cortex
Play a minor role (relatively speaking to gonads) in regulating reproductive function
-
Glucocorticoids (cortisol)
- Regulates body's response to stress
- Regulates metabolism
-
Secretory cells of adrenal medulla are called:
Chromaffin cells
-
Chromaffin cells of adrenal medulla secrete: (3)
and are regulated by:
- 80% epinephrine (adrenaline)
- 20% norepinephrine
- 1% dopamine
- Nervous system
-
3 hormones of thyroid
- T4, T3 (containe iodine)
- Calcitonin
-
Thyroid hormones which regulate metabolism
T4, T3
-
Thyroid hormone which reduces calcium levels in blood
Calcitonin
-
Hormone of parathyroid which increases calcium levels in blood
Parathyroid hormone (PTH)
-
Hormone of thymus
thymosin
-
Role of thymosin
Regulates T-cell function
-
Exocrine cells of pancreas & what they do
Acinar & duct cells; secrete fluid & enzymes which enter dig tract via pancreatic duct (exocrine b/c secrete across barrier)
-
Endocrine cells of pancreas (4) & what chem they secrete
- Alpha cells: glucagon (controls bs levels)
- Beta cells: insulin (controls bs levels)
- Delta cells: somatostatin (regulates digestion)
- F cells: pancreatic polypeptide (unk)
-
-
Glandular tissue in brain which secretes melatonin
Pineal gland
-
What controls hormone levels in blood
- Rate of hormone secretion
- Amt of hormone bound to plasma proteins (if lots are bound up, may not be enough avail to trigger enough receptors to trigger response)
- Rate of hormone metabolism
-
Where are hormones metabolized?
By enzymes in target tissue, blood, & liver
-
Active form of lipophilic hormone is ____ ____
free form
-
Peptides & cateocholamines are hydro____ hormones which are dissolved in ____
-
Steroids & thyroid hormones are hydro____ which bind to ___ ___ which gives protects them & gives them longer_____
- phobic
- carrier proteins
- half-life
-
Type of hormone interaction in which the effects of hormones oppose each other & example
- Antagonism
- Glucagon (inc bs) vs insulin (dec bs)
-
Type of hormone interaction in which the net effect equals the sum of the individual effects
1+1=2
Additive Effect
-
Type of hormone interaction in which the effects of 2 hormones favor each other but the net effect exceeds the sum of individual effects
1+1 = >2
- Synergism
- Ex: glucagon, cortisol, & epinephrine on blood glucose
-
Type of hormone interaction in which one hormone is needed in order for another to exert its effects
- Permissiveness
- Ex: Estrogen causes expression of progesterone receptors in uterus (estrogen permits progesterone to function)
|
|
