endocrine

estrogens, progesterone, Stimulates development of secondary sex characteristics effects repair of the endometrium after menstration

• Bun 10-30
• Normal ration 20:1
• Serum Creatine 0.5-1.5mgdl
• (creatine more reliable for kidneys)

increase plasma osmolality decrease fluid volume pain, nausea, vomiting.

• decrease plasma osmolality increase fluid volume
• _badrenergic agonist, alcohol

atrophy of thyroid gland, TSH, and T₃ secretion is decreased.

increased basal level of PTH, and increased secrections

Clinical significances icnreased calcium resorption from bone, hypercalcemia and hypercalciuria (excessive urine calcium excretion)

• thyroxine- T_4, triiodothyronine-T₃, and calcitonin (inhibits reabsorption loss of decreased calcium levels)
• T₃ Much more potent and has a greater metabolic rate.

plasma osmolatily measure of solute concentration of circulating blood.

Plasma osmolatily will increase when there is a decrease in extra cellular fluid or an increase in solute concentration.

• Brain tumor, brain surgery, CNS infection, inadequate renal response to ADH drug therapy especially lithium, renal damage, or hereditary renal disease, excessive
• h₂o intake lesion in thirst center

polydipsia (increase thirst) polyuria (increase urination) urinating 5-20L/day fatigue general weakness suddenly with excessive fluid loss after intercranial surgery

Decreased specific gracity-<1.005

Increased mOsm/kg - 295or higher/kg

H₂o deprivation test

• maintain adequate hydration, hormone replacement, I&Os,
• DDAVP (desmopressin acetate)-analog of ADH
• assess weight, HA, restlessness, and S/s of hyponatremia

vasopressin, manangment of complications - fluid loss, shock, hypernatrmia) Thiazides (slow GFR)