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Rule of Nines
way of estimating the volume of fluid lost by computing the percentage of body surface burned. The body is divided into 11 areas, each accounting for 9% of the total body area, plus an additional 1% in the genital area
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Rule of Nines percentages
remember to account for anterior and posterior - head and neck 4.5%, upper limbs 4.5% each, trunk 18%, perineum 1%, lower limbs 9% each
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First degree burns
only epidermis is damaged; has swelling and pain, heals in 2-3 days
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Second degree burns
epidermis and upper region of dermis are damaged; mimics first degree but shows blisters, heals in 3-4 weeks
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Third degree burns
involves entire thickness of skin; appears blanched, cherry red or blackened, nerve endings have been destroyed; skin grafting is often necessary
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basal cell carcinoma
least malignant and most common form of cancer; cells of the stratum basale invade dermis & epidermis; usually involves areas of body exposed to sunlight
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squamous cell carcinoma
arises from keratinocytes of the stratum spinosum; grows rapidly and metastasizes to adjacent lymph nodes; if caught early, with surgery and radiation complete cure is good
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melanoma
most dangerous skin cancer and most rare - 5% of all skin cancers; cancer of melanocytes; usually appears as a spreading brown to black patch that metastasizes rapidly. Survival rate is 50% with early detection
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ABCDE rule
Asymmetry; Border irregularity; Color; Diameter; Elevation
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