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What is the bodys first line of defense?
intact skin
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What are the functions of the skin?
- 1. to protect
- 2. regulate body temperature
- 3. sense organs
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what is a wound?
A disruption of antamonical structure & function that results from pathological processes that can begin internally or externally.
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What is a lesion?
A pathological or traumatic discontinuity of normal tissue or loss of function of a part of wounds, sore, ulcer, tumors, cataracts, and any tissue damage.
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What is a Rash?
any eruption that appears on skin transiently
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whats the difference between petechiae and ecchymosis?
- Petechiae are small hemorrhagic spots on the vein.
- Ecchymosis is a bruise from superficial bleeding under skin
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A scar that forms at the site of an injury or incision and spreads beyond the borders of the original lesion is what?
Keloid
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A chronic skin disorder in which red, scaly plaques with sharply defined borders appear on the body surface is what?
Psoriasis
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Bacteria that enters skin via a cut or break and results in an infection of connective tissue with severe inflammation of dermal and subcutaneous layers causes?
Celluitis
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What is the function of the epidermis?
Prevents microorganisms, foreign material, and chemicals from penetrating the body.
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What are the 3 functions of the dermis?
- 1.gives structure and felxibility to skin
- 2.supplies nutrients and removes wastes
- 3.senses pain, touch, pressure, and temperature
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What is the eitology of lesions?
- injuries
- pathological changes
- allergies
- bites
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What are the classifications of wounds?
- cause (intentional/unintentional)
- open/closed
- severity (superficial/deep)
- cleanliness
- thickness
- color
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What does it mean for edges to be approximated?
Edges are right next to each other. So that new tissue can grow and connect tissue w/ minimal scarring.
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What is the difference between intentional and unintentional?
- intentional= is caused by surgical procedure or treatment. Can be clean/sterile. edges are approximated
- unintentional= is caused by accidental injuries or trauma, animal bites, violence, adverse effects. Can be dirty/unsterile. Edges are not approximated
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What is the difference between open and closed wounds?
- open=disruption or break in the skin
- closed=no disruption or break in skin
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What is the difference between superficial and deep wounds?
- superficial=wounds on the surface layer of the skin
- deep=wounds that are deepto the layers of the skin or deep within the body cavity peneterating internal organs
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Whats the difference between clean and dirty wounds?
- clean=a surgical incision wound is free of infectious organisms
- dirty=a trauma wound a with microorganisms
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Whats the difference between partial thick and full thickness in a wound with burn injuries?
- Partial thickness= extend through the epidermis and into, but not through the dermis.
- Full thickness= extend through the epidermis and dermis and subcutaneous tissue, muscle, and bone
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What does EXUDATE means in regards to wound drainage?
Fluid and blood cells that have escaped from blood vessels during the inflammatory response and remain in the surrounding tissues.
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What are the 3 phases of the wound healing?
- 1.inflammatory includes hemostasis
- 2.proliferative
- 3.maturation
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Explain hemostasis in the 1st phase of wound healing?
Occurs within minutes of injury. Controls bleeding. Formation of clot which forms a fibrin matrix that serves as a structure for cellular repair.
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What are the signs of inflammation?
- pain
- heat
- edema
- erythema
- and loss of function (b/cuz of excessive edema)
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Explain the inflammation phase.
Occurs within 3-4 days. This is normal for wound healing. Initial clean up crew.
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Explain the proliferative phase.
Last 4-21 days. Collagen fills the wound bed, new blood vessels develop, granulation tissue is formed, wound looks bright red
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Explain the maturation phase?
Occurs by 3-4 weeks. Scar may not achieve maximum strength up to 2 years. Tissue is always at risk.
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What are the types of wound healing?
- Primary intention=minimal tissue loss. edges approximated by staples, sutures, steri-strips. Occurs in first 14 days. Lower risk of infection
- secondary intention=extensive wound. edges not approximated. Greater tissue loss. Higher risk for infection. Prolonged healing and a large scar.
- teritary intention=Occurs in wounds that may be contaminated, infected, are left open 3-5 days to allow edema or infection to resolve.
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What factors impair wound healing?
- impaired tissue circulation
- impaired immune response
- prolonged inflammatory response
- impaired cellular proliferation & collagen synthesis
- Aging
- Chronic stress
- Nutritional deficiencies
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What is a pressure ulcer?
Any lesion caused by unrelieved pressure that results in ischemia and tissue damage of underlying tissue
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What causes a pressure ulcer?
devlope when soft tissue is compressed between a part of the body and a external surface (bed or floor).
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How many stages are there for pressure ulcers?
4 stages
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Name some of the common sites for pressure ulcer.
back of head, ears, back, heels, saccral, forearms, etc
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Patient with localizied, non-blanchable redness, intact skin, color and/or temperature different from rest of the body ulcer. Which stage is this ulcer in?
Stage I
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Patient with a blister, partial thickness loss of the epidermis and dermis. With no slough or eschar on ulcer. Which stage is this ulcer in?
Stage II
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Patient has a ulcer that has full thickness
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