Biology Ch 6 Vocab

generalization that all living things are composed of cells, and that cells are the basic unit of structure and function in living things

photograph of the view through a microscope

part of a cell with a specific function

thin outer boundary of a cell that regulates the traffic of chemicals between the cell and its surroundings

in a cell, the part that houses the cell's genetic material in the form of DNA

region of a cell between the nucleus and the plasma membrane

strong wall outside a plant cell's plasma membrane that protects the cell and maintains its shape

cell lacking a nucleus and most other organelles

cell with a nucleus (surrounded by its own membrane) and other internal organelles

two-layer "sandwich" of molecules that surrounds a cell

net movement of the particles of a substance from where they are more concentrated to where they are less concentrated

point at which the number of diffusing molecules moving in one direction is equal to the number moving in the opposite direction

membrane that allows some substances to pass more easily than others and blocks the passage of some substances altogether

diffusion across a membrane requiring only the random motion of molecules with no energy expended by the cell

pathway provided by transport proteins that helps certain molecules pass through a membrane

passive transport of water across a selectively permeable membrane

having a higher concentration of solute than another solution

having a lower concentration of solute than another solution

having a solute concentration equal to that of another solution

movement of molecules across a membrane requiring energy to be expended by the cell

small membrane-bound sac that functions in moving products into, out of, and within a cell

process of exporting proteins from a cell by a vesicle fusing with the plasma membrane and spilling the proteins outside the cell

process of taking material into a cell within vesicles that bud inward from the plasma membrane

double membrane that surrounds a cell nucleus

ball-like mass of fibers and granules in a cell nucleus

cluster of proteins and nucleic acids that constructs proteins in a cell

network of membranes within a cell's cytoplasm that produces a variety of molecules

cellular organelle that modifies, stores, and routes cell products

membrane-bound sac that buds from the endoplasmic reticulum or the Golgi apparatus

membrane-bound sac containing digestive enzymes that can break down proteins, nucleic acids, and polysaccharides

organelle found in some plant cells and certain unicellular organisms where photosynthesis takes place

cellular organelles where cellular respiration occurs

(adenosine triphosphate) main energy source that cells use for most of their work

straight, hollow tube of proteins that gives rigidity, shape, and organization to a cell

solid rod of protein, thinner than a microtubule, that enables a cell to move or change shape

long, thin, whip-like structures, with a core of microtubules, that enable some cells to move

short structures projecting from a cell and containing bundles of microtubules that move a cell through its surroundings or move fluid over the cell's surface