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Main disease association w/ cystic medial degeneration?
Marfan's syndrome: Elastic problem
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What cells do I-CAM & V-CAM adhere?
Monocytes
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What causes stasis and swelling of the LE b/c of lack of mobility?
Thrombophlebitis
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What is the main cause of primary HTN?
renal retention of excess sodium = high BP
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What is the first step in atherogenesis?
Endothelial cell damage
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What disease is present with red streaks in arm, swollen lymph nodes in axillary region, and recent onset?
Lymphangitis
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Along with entering Macrophages and forming foam cells, what are two other jobs of oxidized LDL in plaque formation?
Monocyte chemotaxis and adherence
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T/F fattys streaks cause disturbances in BF?
F, they are a precursor of T-cells and monocytes. No epithelial changes have been made.
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What condition is complicated by cellulitis after mastectomy w/ lymph nodes?
Lymphedema
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First cell on sight to start forming atherosclerosis?
T-cell
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What vasculitis that can lead to blindness?
Giant cell (temporal) arteritis: large, medium arteries of head, vertebral column and eyes
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which test is best for a predicter of atherosclerosis?
CRP
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What is Anasarca?
- Severe generalized edema
- * from nephrotic syndrome, liver disease, heart disease, shock
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Primary and secondary causes of lymphedema?
- Primary: Millroy disease
- Secondary: Trauma, surgery, etc...
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What occurs in the lungs after a left ventricular failure after MI?
venous congestion of capillary beds and increased hydrostatic pressure which causes release of transudate into alveolar space
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Function of VwFactor?
adhere recruited plateletes to one another to initially stop bleeding and help with cascade start
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what is the major cause for pulmonary thromboembolism?
venous stasis
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What genetic defect is most common and present in pts with common deep venous thrombosis issues?
Factor V Leidin deficiency
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Main function of Antithrombin III?
Inhibit thrombin to force more prothrombin time and slow down clotting
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What is the most common cause of arterial thrombosis?
vascular endothelial damage
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Principle molecule released from Dense granules of platelets?
ADP
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If an organ were to be spared from ischemic injury, which organ and why?
Liver b/c of dual blood supply
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Common complication of Bioprosthetic valve?
Stenosis or insufficiency
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What -itises are a result of rheumatic fever?
pancarditis w/ endocarditis (vegetations), myocarditis (aschoff bodies), and pericarditis
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Name the four Pericarditis diseases and their associated disease outcomes?
- 1) Serous = inflammation
- 2) fibrinous = friction rubs & adhesions
- 3) Prurulet = mediastinopericarditis, cosntructive pericarditis
- 4) Caseous = chronic costructive pericarditis
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T/F Vasculitis often involve cardiac valves
F
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What cardiomyopathy grows a more hypertrophied septum than ventricular wall?
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, diastolic disease
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What two diseases most often form hermorrhagic pericarditis?
TB & metastatic carcinoma
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What is the most important complication following a coronary thrombosis?
Arrhythmias (fibrillations)
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At what pulse do you find bradycardia and tachycardia?
- Bradycardia >100/min
- Tachycardia <60/min
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What is the pacemaker node of the heart?
SA node
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What is a main cause of LV hypertrophy and pulmonary edema?
Systemic HTN
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What is the most common explanation of sudden unexplained death in young athletes?
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
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T/F HTN causes aortic stenosis?
F, it only causes LV hypertrophy
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What side of the heart does myocardial infarction generally affect?
L, but then this damage can lead to R. Heart damage
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What type of pericarditis does SLE generally cause?
Serous pericarditis
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Rheumatic fever will cause vegetations and stenosis of what two valves?
Mitral & aortic
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A Patent Foramen Ovale is associated with what septal defect?
ASD, L-R
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What septal defect is associated with Down's syndrome?
AVSD
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What types of heart defects are associated with DiGeorge syndrome 22q11.2 deletion?
R-L shunts (Tetralogy, truncus arteriosus, hypoparathyroidism)
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What heart disease is Williams syndrome associated with?
Hypoplastic Left Heart syndrome
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Signs of Williams syndrome?
- Supravalvular stenosis
- Hypercalcemia
- Elastin gene gone
- Facial abnomalies (long mouth, pointed chin, epicanthial folds present, strabismus, etc...)
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Two most common causes of hemorrhagic pericardial effusion?
tumor & TB
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What is the role of the NOTCH gene?
modulation of vascular development (lack = cardiac issues like tetralogy of fallot)
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