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what are the 5 divisions of chemistry
- organic
- inorganic
- bio chemistry
- analytical
- physical
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organic chemistry
- study of substances
- new fibers
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inorganic chemistry
- study of substances that do not contain carbon
- paints
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bio chemistry
- study of substances & process of living things
- neuro chemistry
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physical chemistry
- how reactants occur (atomic level)
- LASERS
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what is alchemy
- more like a religion
- belief system (lacked logic)
- developed independency
- came from 4 elements concept
- believed lower metals could be turned into gold
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alchemy impact on chemistry
developed tools & processes we still use today
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factors that shifted alchemy to chemistry
ANTOINE LAURENT-LAVOISIER
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how did ANTOINE LAURENT-LAVOISIER work influence the change
his experiments proved oxygen was needed to burn stuff not PHLOGISTON
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what are the 4 basic steps of the scientific method?
- observation
- hypothesis
- experiment (data)
- develop a theory (analyze, conclusion)
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what are the 2 types of variables?
- manipulated (independent) CHANGES
- responding (dependent) DOES NOT CHANGE
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theory
- well tested explanation
- CAN CHANGE
- CAN'T BE PROVEN
- WHY
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law
- summarizes results of many observations
- DESCRIBES
- DOES NOT EXPLAIN
- WHAT
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intensive
- depends on type of matter
- color, conductivity, hardness, density
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extensive
- amount of sample
- mass & volume
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does not tarnish is what property and why
chemical property because of the lack of reactivity
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homogeneous
same, uniform throughout
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heterogeneous
different amounts of each
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heterogeneous is often a
solution
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homogeneous mixtures can NEVER be a
solution
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heterogeneous & homogeneous mixtures are both
substances
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phase
the moment of time when something is changing
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distillation
method of separating mixtures based on differences in boiling points
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who is Berzelius
made chemical symbols
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transmuting
to make things into gold
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physical change
the material is itself before and after the change
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chemical change
the substances present in the beginning are no longer present at the end or new substances are formed. the change is irreversible
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examples of physical properties
color, smell, freezing point, density
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examples of chemical properties
heat of combustion
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the particles in gas are
spread apart
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particles in gas are
close but with no arrangement
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particles in solids are
tightly packed in a uniform way
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mixtures
when two or more substances have been combined
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