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How do you differentiate a child's behavior between a mental or emotional problem?
If mental the behavior is not age appropriate, deviates from cultural norms, and creates a defecit or impairment in adaptive functioning
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Diagnostic Criteria for Mental Retardation
- IQ of 70 or below
- Defecits or impairments in adaptive functioning in at least 2 areas: communication, self-care, home living, social/interpersonal skills, use of community resources, self-direction, functional academic skills, work, leisure, health, and safety
- Onset before 18 yrs of age
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Hereditary factors in Mental Retardation
- Inborn errors of metabolism:
- Tay-Sachs disease
- Phenylketonuria
- Hyperglycemia
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Capabilities of child with Mild Retardation
Capable of independent living w/ assistance in times of stress
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Capabilities of Child with Moderate Retardation
Requires supervision, can perform some activities independently
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Capabilities of Child with Severe Retardation
Requires complete supervision, may be trained in elementary hygeine skills
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Capabilities of Child with Profound Retardation
Requires constant aid and supervision, no capacity for independent functioning
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Autistic Disorder
Withdrawel of the child into self and into a fantasy world of his or her own creation
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When does Autistic disorder normally present itself?
Before the age of 3
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Neurological Implications of Autistic Disorder
- Abnormalities in brain structure and in serotonin
- Increased glucose metabolism
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Significant impairment from ADHD usually seen before age ____
7
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Diagnosing ADHD
Symptoms must be present for 6 months or more and not related to other mental illness and have a sustained pattern
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Conduct Disorder
Repetitive and persistent pattern of behavior in which the basic rights of others or major age-appropriate societal norms or rules are violated
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Childhood onset type Conduct disorder
- Symptoms seen prior to age 10
- More likely to be physically aggressive and have disturbed peer relationships
- More likely to develop ani-social personalitiy disorder as adults
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Adolescent onset type Conduct disorder
- No symptoms seen prior to age 10
- Less likely to be physically aggressive
- More likely to have normal peer relationships
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Conduct Disorder Diagnostic Criteria
- 3 or more in past 12 months, at least 1 in past 6 months:
- Aggression to people and animalsDestruction of Property (Fire setting)
- Deceitfulness or theft
- Serious violation of rules
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Oppositional Defiant Disorder
A pattern of negativistic, defiant, disobedient, and hostile behavior toward authority figures that occurs more frequently than is typically observed in people of comparable age and develpmental level, lasting at least 6 months
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ODD onset occurs at what age?
By age 8 and no later than adolescence
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Major difference between ODD and Conduct Disorder
ODD don't violate rights of others and are passive-aggressive
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Tourette's Disorder
Presence of multiple motor tics and one or more vocal tics causing marked distress in social, academic, or occupational functioning
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Tourette's Disorder is most commonly diagnosed between what ages?
6-7
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Palilalia
Repeating one's own sounds or words
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Echolalia
Repeating what others say
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Meds given to children with ADHD
- CNS stimulants (adderal, vyvanse)
- SNRI: Strattera
- NSRI: Wellbutrin (shouldn't be given to children with history of seizures and eating disorders)
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Meds given to children with Tourette's Disorder
- Haldol, Orap, Catapres
- Atypical antipsychotics: Zyprexa, Risperdal, Geodon
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