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To free from difficulties or obstacles; to make easier; to assist something to happen.
Facilitation
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To hold back or repress.
Inhibition
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The physiological readiness of the human system for activity.
Arousal
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Awake and attentive to normal levels of stimulation.
Alert
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Appears drowsy and may fall asleep, if not stimulated in some way.
Lethargic
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Difficult to arouse from a somnolent state and frequently confused when awake.
Obtunded
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Responds only to strong, generally noxious stimuli and returns to unconscious when the stimulus is removed.
Stupor
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Cannot be aroused by any type of stimulation.
Coma
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Responsible for superficial sensations via skin and subcutaneous tissue (pain, temperature, light, touch, pressure)
Exteroceptors
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Responsible for deep sensation via muscles, tendons, joints, ligaments, deep fascia (proprioception, kinesthesia, vibration)
Proprioceptors
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Slow, maintained stretch, applied at maximum available lengthened range.
Prolonged stretch
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Deep, maintained pressure across longitudinal axis of tendons; maintained pressure on muscles.
Inhibitory pressure
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Brief light contact to skin.
Light touch
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- Retention of body heat
- Generalized inhibition of tone
- Calming effect, relaxation
- Wrapping the body or body parts: blankets, ace wrap
Neutral warmth
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- Inhibits tone and decreased neural firing
- May get a sympathetic nervous system response such as a withdrawal
- Immersion in cold water or ice chips, ice packs, ice massage, cryocuff
Prolonged ice
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- Activates primarily otolith organs
- Inhibits or dampens of muscle tone
- Decreases arousal
- Dampens vestibulospinal input
Slow vestibular stimulation
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- Activates semicircular canals and otolith organs
- Generalized arousal
- Stimulates vestibulospinal input
- Stimulates vestibuloocular reflex
- Contraindicated for patients with seizures
Fast irregular vestibular stimulation
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Can increase or decrease arousal with light, color, familiar objects, and/or visual background.
Augmented visual stimulation
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Maximum resistance produces overflow from strong to weak or to contralateral extremity.
Irradiation or overflow
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- Compression of joint surfaces activates joint receptors
- Facilitates postural extensors and contraction for stabilizing
Joint approximation
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Brief stretch applied to a muscle to activate muscle spindles.
Quick stretch
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Stroking with fingers and palm over a muscle or muscle group to initiate a contraction by approximating fibers.
Sweep tapping
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Also called postexcitatory inhibition with stretch, range of motion, and rotation.
Shaking
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Slow, rhythmic movement along the long axis of the body or long axis of extremity.
Rotation
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