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Where does the facial nerve exit the head?
Internal acoustic/auditory meatus
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Upon exiting through the internal auditory meatus, what does the facial nerve consist of?
- Nervous intermedius: Sensory, parasympathetic
- Motor Root: Branchiomotor
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What pharyngeal arch muscle derivates are stimulated by the branchiomotor component of CN VII?
Second pharyngeal arch
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What cell bodies are found in the genticulate ganglion?
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What does the greater (superficial) petrosal nerve exit through and what components does it contain?
- Exit: Facial canal hiatus
- Components: GVA, GVE, Taste
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Upon coursing over the foramen lacerum, where does the greater petrosal nerve go to, what is it now called and who is it joined by?
- Goes to: Pterygoid Canal
- Joined by: Deep petrosal Nerve
- Now called: Vidian nerve, or nerve of the pterygoid canal
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What is contain in the nerve of the pterygoid canal/Vidian nerve?
- GVA
- GVE
- Taste
- Sympathetic Component
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What type of innervation is brought in throught the joining of the deep petrosal nerve?
- Post-ganglionic sympathetics
- Comes from the interal carotid artery
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Where is the pterygopalatine ganglion found, what is it attached to, and what synapses within it?
- Found: Pterygopalatine fossa
- Attached to: V2 - Maxillary nerve
- Synapses: GVE (parasympathetic) components of the nerve of the pterygoid canal
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After synapsing in the pterygopalatine ganglion, where do the parasympathetic/GVE fibers go and how do they get there?
- Lacrimal, nasal, palatine glands
- Via V1 and V2
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Where do the sympathetic and GSA/Taste components go to after leaving the pterygopalatine ganglion and how do they get there?
- Sympathetic: Nasal, Lacrimal gland via V
- GSA/Taste: Nasopharynx via V2 (nasopalatine and descending palatine nerves)
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After passing the middle ear cavity, what branch is given off of the facial nerve and what components does it have?
- Branch: Stapedius muscle nerve
- Components: Branchiomotor
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Prior to exiting through the stylomastoid foramen, what nerve is given off and what are its components?
- Nerve: Chorada Tympani
- Components: Taste, GVE (PS)
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How does the Chorda Tympani nerve enter the infratemporal fossa?
Through the petrotypanic fissure
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What nerve does the chorda typani join?
The lingual nerve of V3
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What is the submandibular ganglion physically associated with, and what cell bodies are found within it?
- Physically: Lingual Nerve, V3
- Cell Bodies: GVE (PS) of Chorda Tympani nerve
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Where do the PS and taste components passing through the submandibular gland go to and how do they get there?
- Get there: Riding the lingual nerve of V3
- GVE/Parasympathetic: Secreto-motor to submandibular and sublingual glands
- Taste: Taste to the anterior 2/3 of the tongue
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What does the lingual nerve as a branch of V3 do without the facial nerve components?
Provide general sensation (pain, T, touch and P) to the anterior 2/3 of the tongue
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Where does the facial nerve emergy from at the end of its course through the facial canal?
Stylomastoid foramen
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What does the posterior auricular nerve innervate?
- GSA: External auditory meatus, external tympanic membrane, posterior skin of the external ear
- Branchiomotor: Occipitalis muscle and vestigial auricular muscles
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As the facial nerve goes through the parotid gland, what branches are formed?
- Temporal
- Zygomatic
- Buccal
- Marginal mandibular
- Cervical
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What muscles are supplied by the T-Z-B-M-C branches of the facial nerve?
- Platysma
- Orbicularis oris
- Buccinator
- Orbicularis Oculi
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What is the action and innervation of occipitalis?
- Action: Raise eyebrows
- Innervation: Posterior auricular n
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What is the action and innervation of orbicularis oris?
- Action: Close lips
- Innervation: Terminal VII branches
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What is the action and innervation of buccinator?
- Action: Press cheek against molar teeth, chewing
- Innervation: Terminal VII branches
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What is the action and innervation of orbicularis oculi?
- Action: Close eyelid
- Innervation: Terminal VII branches
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What is Bell's Palsy?
- Inflammation of the facial nerve in the facial canal
- Causes paralysis of facial muscles
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A lesion of the lingual nerve where it originates causes what?
Loss of general sensation to anterior 2/3 of tongue
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Lesion of lingual nerve after being joined by the chorda tympani causes what?
- Loss of general sensation (lingual nerve)
- Loss of anterior 2/3 taste (chorda tympani taste)
- Loss of secretion of submandibular and sublingual glands (GVE of chorda tympani)
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How do you test the facial nerve?
- Ask patient to wrinke forehead, frown, smile and raise eyebrows
- Observe asymmetry
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What is the function of the stapedius and tensor tympani?
- Protective against loud noises
- Limit excursion of the ear ossicles when a loud noise causes vibration of tympanic membrane
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