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Human Biology ch 15
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Spongiform encephalopathy
Infectious disease of the brain our bodies can't fight - misfolded proteins
pathogens
organisms that cause disease
infectious
when a pathogen finds a host
microbes
small - can only be seen with a microscope
bacteria
single cell organisms - prokaryotic
plasmid
small round extra chromosonal DNA
what is the structure and function of the cell wall
composed of carbohydrates and proteins
capsule of bacteria
helps bacteria attach to cells within tissues they infect
pili
help bacterial cells attach to each other and pass genes
binary fussion
how bacteria reproduces
steps to binary fussion
chromosome copies
chromosomes attach to plasma membrane
starts to separate-new cell wall created
cell growth
indentaion and separation
bacterial infection occurs in your body using your own cells nutrients
True
False
true
why do we feel symptoms when bacteria growth occurs in our bodies?
effects of toxins secreted by bacterial cells
why have bacteria become resistant to antibiotics?
natural selection through overuse
some bacteria carry genes that allow them to be resistant
MRSA
deadly infection that resists antibiotics
anthax
lethal bacteria if inhaled
lives in soil
infectious but not contagious
botulism
affects nervous system
soil dwelling
E coli
lives in intestines
comes from eating undercooked meat
tetanus
produces toxins that affect nervous and muscular system
found in soil
staphylococcus
lives on skin
causes infections
virus
not living
can't reproduce by themselves - need a host cell
a strand of DNA and a protein coat
why are virus not considered living?
can't reporduce by themselves
not composed of cells
capsid
protein coat surrounding a virus
viral envelope
made of cell membrane from host cell
may contain protein
how does a viral infection happen?
a virus gains access to cell by fusing its envelope with the host's cell membrane
latent virus
virus that is dormant in the body
west nile virus
transmitted by mosquito, affects brain and spinal chord - paralysis
three examples of eukaryotic pathogens
tapeworm
athlete's foot
jock itch
malaria
giardiasis
schistomiomiasis
how are people infected with protozoans
water and food contamination w/feces
how are people infected with worms?
raw or undercooked food
prion
naturally occuring protein produced by brain cells that when misfolded causes spongiform encephalopathy
giardiasis
water born cyst, causes severe diahrrea and gas
schistosomiasis
carried by fresh water snails, caused by tapeworms
tapeworm
from ingesting raw or undercooked beef, causes intestinal pain and diahrea
What happens in spongiform encephalopathy
nerve cells clog with misfolded proteins and cease to function, cells burst and infect other cells
vector born transmission
mosquito-transmits through intermediate organism
five methods of infection
direct contact
indirect contact
vector-borne
inhalation
ingestion
first line of defense
skin
mucus membranes
don't target specific pathogens
second line of defense
white blood cells
inflammation
defense proteins
fever
internal - doesn't target specific pathogens
third line of defense
lumphocytes
attack specific pathogens
natural killer cells
non specific cells attack tumor cells and virus invaded body cells on first exposure
complement proteins
circulate in blood
help other defense mechanisms
lymphocytes
white bood cells
travel through body moving in spaces between cells and tissues or transported via blood andn lymph node system
lymphatic system
tonils and adenoids
thymus
bone marrow
spleen
lymph nodes
lymphatic vessels
antigen
molecule foreign to host and stimmulates immune system
T lymphocytes
t cells when antigen is present in body
b lymphocytes
b cells -when an antigen is present secrete antibodies
antibodies
bind to and inactivate antigens
differentiate active vs passive immunity
babies have passive immunity
adults have active - accumulated from an individual's lifetime
allergy
immune response that occurs without a pathogen
immunce response
ability to respond to an infection
Lymphocytes are produced from stem cells of bone marrow and released into the bloodstream.
True
False
true
t cells have different receptors
True
False
true
why do autoimmune systems happen
a person's immune system attacks itself
examples of autoimmume diseases
MS
diabetes
humoral immunity
protection afforded by B cells
cell mediated immunity
T cells
immunity dependent on involvement of cells
helper T cells
T4 cells
boosters of immune system
detect and alert B and T cells that infection in occuring
Why do prions not illicit an immune response?
What is Aids
How does it kill?
How do we prevent an epidemic of prion disease?
Author
StudyNerd
ID
104803
Card Set
Human Biology ch 15
Description
Chapter 15
Updated
2011-10-03T22:48:26Z
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