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used to measure mass
triple beam balance or pan balance
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measures temperature
thermometer
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measures distance or length
meter stick
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a tall thin tube used to measure volume
beaker
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used to measure volume
graduated cylinder
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to smell gently by waving something toward your nose and inhaling it gently
waft to whiff
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a ruler that is used to measure distance in centimeters and meters
metric ruler
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metric temperature scale
celsius
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used to protect your eyes
safety goggles
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protects your clothing
apron
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magnifies small objects
hand lens
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lets you see tiny objects that we could not see with the naked eye
microscope
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magnifies objects far away, such as a planet
telescope
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used to measure liquid by drops
eyedropper
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determines direction
compass
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used to gather live animals
collecting net
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used to grow bacteria
petri dish
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used to heat liquid
hotplate
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a plan that scientists use to document each step so that other scientists will believe their findings
scientific method
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a clear statement of what is to be done
problem
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a possible answer to the problem
hypothesis
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in an experiment, the thing that is changed as a result of the experiment
variable
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in an experiment, the thing that the scientist makes sure remains the same
control
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one of the three forms of matter
state
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a state of matter that has a fixed shape and a fixed volume
solid
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a state of matter that has a fixed volume, but its shape changes to match the shape of its container
liquid
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a state of matter that does not have a fixed shape or volume
gas
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liquid changes to a gas - 100 degrees C for water
boiling point
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liquid changes to a solid - 0 degrees C for water
freezing point
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solid changes to a liquid - 0 degrees C for water
melting point
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anything that has mass and takes up space
matter
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the amount of matter an object has
mass
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the amount of space taken up by matter
volume
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the measure of the amount of gravity acting on an object's mass
weight
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the amount of mass an object has in a known volume
density
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characteristic used to describe matter
property
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a characteristic of matter that can be observed or measured and can be changed without changing the matter itself
physical property
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how a substance feels or looks
texture
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how a substance smells
odor
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allows something (like electricity or heat) to easily flow through it
conductor
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does not allow something (like electricity or heat) to pass through it easily
insulator
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attracted to a magnetic force
magnetic
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all materials in the universe
matter
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two or more materials mixed or stirred together
mixture
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the process of a material mixing with a liquid in a special way (salt water)
dissolve
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a special mixture formed when a material dissolves in a liquid and cannot be filtered out
solution
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a solution is saturated when as much solid material as possible has dissolved in a liquid and any additional solid material sits on the bottom
saturation
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a characteristic of an object; something you can observe such as size, color, shape, or texture
property
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to dry up; to change from a liquid into a gas
evaporation
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the property that substances have of dissolving in solvents, such as the solubility of salt in water
soluble
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a solution in which no more material will dissolve; additional material settles to the bottom
saturated solution
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the amount of material dissolved in a measure of liquid; the more material dissolves in the liquid, the more concentrated the solution. (strong)
concentration
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to make a solution less concentrated, usually by adding more liquid (weak)
dilute
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the three-dimensional space occupied by something
volume
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a change that occurs as a result of mixing two or more materials together. A reaction results in the formation of new materials with different properties from the original ones.
chemical reaction
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the ability to do work
energy
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energy created by the sun
solar energy
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energy that travels in waves and can move through empty spaces
light energy
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energy in moving objects and objects at rest
mechanical energy
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energy created by charged particles
electrical energy
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energy created by vibrating objects
sound energy
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energy created by heat
thermal energy
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energy in foods and fuels (battery cells)
chemical energy
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the bouncing back of light
reflection
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the bending of light rays as they move from one material into another material
refraction
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lets some light through
translucent
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lets all light through
trasparent
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no light goes through
opaque
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