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A ramp is also known as what?
inclined plane
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What is a wedge?
2 inclined planes back to back
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What is a screw?
an inclined plane wrapped around a rod
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What is a rigid bar that moves around a fulcrom or axis when force is applied to it?
lever
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What is a wheel and rope that changes direction of the pull?
pulley
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What gives ability to utilize friction, and is a lever that rotates in a circle to increase mechanical advantage?
wheel and axle
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What increases mechanical advantage?
simple machines
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What is a force arm (FA)?
distance between the axis and point of application of force
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What is a resistance arm (RA)?
distance between axis and point of application of resistance
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What is considered the joint of a lever?
axis
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In a lever, the force is considered what?
muscle attachment
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Resistance is what in a lever?
weight, or weight of arm
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What lever is used for balance?
1st class lever
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What lever is for power/strength?
2nd class lever
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What lever is for ROM and speed?
3rd class lever
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In what lever is the axis midway between R and F?
1st class lever
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In what lever is R between F and A?
2nd class lever
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In what lever is F between A and R?
3rd class lever
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Muscles in the body are typically what type of lever?
3rd class levers
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What is in the middle on a 1st class lever?
axis
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What is in the middle on a 2nd class lever?
resistance
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What is in the middle on a 3rd class lever?
force
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What are some examples of 3rd class levers in the human body?
biceps at the elbow, patellar tendon at the knee, medial deltoid at the shoulder
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Splints are a form of what lever?
1st class lever
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Since muscles are fixed in relation to the joint and we cannot change the length of them, what must we change in order to change the length?
resistance (weight) arm
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To manually increase resistance, where would the clinician shift hand placement?
more distally
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What 2 things do you do to make exercises more difficult?
increase weight, and increase the length of the lever arm
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The mechanical advantage gained by a lever is largely responsible for a muscles what?
stength and ROM
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If 2 muscles cross and act on the same joint, the muscle attached farther will produce the more powerful movements. This is known as what?
strength
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The muscle inserting closer to the joint will produce greater ROM. This is known as what?
range
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