AP Bio Ch 3.txt

  1. acid
    A substance that increases the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution.
  2. acid precipitation
    Rain, snow, or fog that is more acidic than pH 5.6.
  3. adhesion
    The attraction between different kinds of molecules.
  4. aqueous solution
    A solution in which water is the solvent.
  5. base
    A substance that reduces the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution.
  6. buffer
    A substance that consists of acid and base forms in a solution and that minimizes changes in pH when extraneous acids or bases are added to the solution.
  7. calorie
    The amount of heat energy required to raise the temperature of 1 g of water by 1°C; also the amount of heat energy that 1 g of water releases when it cools by 1°C. The Calorie (with a capital C), usually used to indicate the energy content of food, is a kilocalorie.
  8. celsius scale
    A temperature scale (°C) equal to 5/9 (°F - 32) that measures the freezing point of water at 0°C and the boiling point of water at 100°C.
  9. cohesion
    The binding together of like molecules, often by hydrogen bonds.
  10. colloid
    A mixture made up of a liquid and particles that (because of their large size) remain suspended in that liquid. See large intestine.
  11. evaporative cooling
    The property of a liquid whereby the surface becomes cooler during evaporation, owing to a loss of highly kinetic molecules to the gaseous state.
  12. heat
    The total amount of kinetic energy due to molecular motion in a body of matter. Heat is energy in its most random form.
  13. heat of vaporization
    The quantity of heat a liquid must absorb for 1 g of it to be converted from the liquid to the gaseous state.
  14. hydration shell
    The sphere of water molecules around each dissolved ion.
  15. hydrogen ion
    A single proton with a charge of 1+. The dissociation of a water molecule (H2O) leads to the generation of a hydroxide ion (OH-) and a hydrogen ion (H+).
  16. hydrophilic
    Having an affinity for water.
  17. hydrophobic
    Having an aversion to water; tending to coalesce and form droplets in water.
  18. hydroxide ion
    A water molecule that has lost a proton (OH-).
  19. joule
    A unit of energy: 1 J = 0.239 cal; 1 cal = 4.184 J.
  20. kilocalorie
    A thousand calories; the amount of heat energy required to raise the temperature of 1 kg of water by 1°C.
  21. kinetic energy
    The energy of motion, which is directly related to the speed of that motion. Moving matter does work by imparting motion to other matter.
  22. molarity
    A common measure of solute concentration, referring to the number of moles of solute per liter of solution.
  23. mole
    The number of grams of a substance that equals its molecular weight in daltons and contains Avogadro’s number of molecules.
  24. molecular mass
    The sum of the masses of all the atoms in a molecule; sometimes called molecular weight.
  25. pH
    A measure of hydrogen ion concentration equal to –log [H+] and ranging in value from 0 to 14.
  26. polar molecule
    A molecule (such as water) with opposite charges on opposite sides.
  27. solute
    A substance that is dissolved in a solution.
  28. solution
    A liquid that is a homogeneous mixture of two or more substances.
  29. solvent
    The dissolving agent of a solution. Water is the most versatile solvent known.
  30. specific heat
    The amount of heat that must be absorbed or lost for 1 g of a substance to change its temperature by 1°C.
  31. surface tension
    A measure of how difficult it is to stretch or break the surface of a liquid. Water has a high surface tension because of the hydrogen bonding of surface molecules.
  32. temperature
    A measure of the intensity of heat in degrees, reflecting the average kinetic energy of the molecules.
Author
clk11194
ID
104602
Card Set
AP Bio Ch 3.txt
Description
ap biology vocab
Updated