Anatomy

Consists of two types of specialized connective tissue
Cartilage and bone

Consists of cells (chondrocytes) embedded in gelatinous matri

What is the matrix of cartilage composed of?

Avascular and lacks nerves but is covered with a layer of dense irregular connective tissueperichondrium (except at articular surfaces)
Resilient and can endure more stress than loose ordense connective tissu

What are the three types of cartilage?

Most abundant type, has fine collagen fibers
Chondrocytes sit in spaces called lacuna

No blood vessels or nerves so repair is very slow Reduces friction at joints as articular cartilag

Many more collagen fibers causes rigidity & stiffness
Strongest type of cartilage (intervertebral discs

Elastic fibers help maintain shape after deformations
Ear, nose, epiglotti

What are the 5 functions of bone tissue?

What are the four bone classifications according to shape?

Anatomy: shaft

Anatomy: end of a long bone

Anatomy: growth plate region

What does articular cartilage do over joint surfaces?

Anatomy: marrow cavity

Lining of marrow cavity

Tough membrane covering bone but not the cartilage

What is the fibrous layer of the bone composed of?

Bone cells & blood vessels that nourish or help with repair

Looks like solid hard layer of bone
Makes up the shaft of long bones and the external layer of all bones
Resists stresses produced by weight and movemen

Latticework of thin plates of bone called trabeculae oriented along lines of stress

What are the spaces in between struts of spongy bone filled with?

What type of bone is found:
In the ends of long bones and inside flat bones such as the hipbones, sternum, sides of skull, and ribs.

A type of connective tissue as seen by widely spaced cells separated by matri

What is the matrix of bone tissue composed of?

How many types of cells are in bone tissue?

Undifferentiated cells
Can divide to replace themselves & can become osteoblasts
Found in inner layer of periosteum and endosteum

Form matrix & collagen fibers but can’t divide

Mature cells that no longer secrete matri

Huge cells from fused monocytes (WBC)
Function in bone resorption at surfaces such as endosteum

Concentric rings (lamellae) of calcified matrix surrounding a vertically oriented blood vessel (Central Canal or Haversian Canal)

Found in spaces called lacunae

Communicate through canaliculi filled with extracellular fluid that connect one cell to the next cell

Represent older osteons that have been partially removed during tissue remodeling

Radioactive tracer is given intravenously
Amount of uptake is related to amount of blood flow to the bone

Areas of increased metabolic activity that may indicate cancer, abnormal healing or growth

Indicate decreased metabolism of osteoporosis, bone infection

All embryonic connective tissue begins as __________.

Formation of bone directly from mesenchymal cells

Formation of bone within hyaline cartilage

Intramembranous Bone Formation:
Mesenchymal cells become osteoprogenitor cells then ________.

Intramembranous Bone Formation:
Surround themselves with matrix to become osteocytes.

Intramembranous Bone Formation:
Calcifies into trabeculae with spaces holding red bone marrow

Intramembranous Bone Formation:
Superficial layers of spongy bone are replaced with _____________.

Endochondral Bone Formation:
___________ cells form a cartilage model of the bone during development

Endochondral Bone Formation:
Penetrates center of cartilage mode

Endochondral Bone Formation:
Brings osteoblasts and osteoclasts to center of cartilage mode

Endochondral Bone Formation:
Deposit bone matrix over calcified cartilage forming spongy bone trabecula

Two ways that bone growths in length:

At what age do epiphyseal plates close.– cartilage cells stop dividing and bone replaces the cartilage (epiphyseal line

Occurs as osteoblasts from the periosteum add new bone tissue
And as osteoclasts from the endosteumresorb bone tissu

True or false: Bones have a rich blood supply
True False

Is mainly to blood vessels (vasomotor fibers) and sensory fibers in the periosteum (supply pain)

What are the two principle effects of aging on bone tissue?