-
The Medici Family- who
- wealthy banking family ruled Florence
- 1434-1494
-
The Medici Family- whats
- ruled Florence
- Produced 3 Popes (wealthy rule!)
- Fell after the French Invasion
- Rose back to power
-
The Medici Family- whys
- served as a transition into the Ren.
- $=trade!=economy
-
Francesco Petrarch- who
Florentine poet/scholar wants glory days back (of G/R)
-
Petrarch- whats
- obsessed with classical past- "perfect"
- 1350- new education (studia humanitates) off of Ancient Latin/Greek authors
- Humanism- nature/achievement worthy of contemplation
-
Petrarch- whys
- glory days of Rome=bright---> back
- Cicero's teaching back??
- Past--> present
-
Leonardo Bruni- Who
- humanist historian/ city official
- 1374-1444
-
-
Bruni- whats
- linked fall of latin, not to cicero but to the fall of Rome
- wrote book...new era!
- divide history-ancient, medieval, modern
-
Bruni- whys
- reinforced concept of improvement/time
- reflects on past (Rome)
-
Giovanne Pico della Miranada- who
- Ficihio's student- Christian/classical texts
- 1463-1494
-
Pico- Whats
- universe=hierarchy; humanity=link between spiritual/material worlds
- essay On the Dignity of Man(1486)-man has dignity (Adam/Christ)
- man=part of world, not fixed
- man's choice: up to angles or down with animals
-
Pico- Whys
- Men in charge?
- rise in religion
-
Balslassare Castiglione- Who
writer on education
-
Castiglione-whats
- The Courtier-young men--->gentlemen
- abilities! sonnet, wrestle, music, ride, math, eloquence
- women--->court lady
- educated; phys. beauty, modesty, delicacy
-
Castiglione- whys
- translated into every European language
- "how to" raise up in a hierarchy
- echoes - ideals for women..
-
Niccolo Machiavelli-who
- government official ---> civic humanist
- 1469-1527
-
Machiavelli- whats
- medici's rise back--> arrest (eventually release)
- 1513- The Prince(order? security? weakness )
- ideal ruler? past and contemp.- Cesare Borgia
- Borgia's fall to operations of fate/Fortuna
- secular view of gov
-
Machiavelli- whys
- Fortuna- demeaning to women
- ideal ruler (indiv. and communitiy)
- brings up ? of state vs. church
-
Thomas More- who
- english humanist, lawyer, and writer
- 1478-1535
-
More-whats
- Utopia(1516)- "nowhere" perfect
- good ed.; 1/2 work 1/2 (mind) play
- beneficent gov- profits shared
- religious toleration; order/reason;dissent disagreement
-
More- whys
- critique on hierarchal society
- "ideal society"
-
Desiderius Erasmus- who
- Christian humanist&author(idealisms)
- 1466?-1536
-
Erasmus-whats
- The Education of a Christian Prince(1504)-ruler's character comes from Cicero, Plato, Aristotle, and Plutarch
- The praise of Folly(1509)-faith of children
- Greek New Testament(1516)-for women
- Reform?need education!
- Christianity= Christ , not theologians
-
Erasmus- whys
- improvement/ideal society
- spreading of Christian faith
- examination of Christianity
- Womens rights(able to read Bible)
-
Johann Gutenberg- who
- metal smith changed book making
- 1440's
-
Gutenberg- whats
- used stamps for jewelry--->alphabet
- built racks so types could be arranged
- Gutenberg's Bible (1456)-->8-20 million
-
Gutenberg- whys
- tech&prosperity
- rise of literacy&social aspects
- gov/church censor books ?!?!
- illustrations-beauty
-
Michelangelo- who
- court of Lorenzo de'Medici to commissioned artist
- 1508-1512;1501-1504;1537-1541
-
Michelangelo- whats
- 1508- Vatican's Sistine Chapel (Pope Julius II meddling)
- 1501- Statue of David~Goliath= perfection/strength of Florence
- 1537- The Last Judgement(16 chapel)=terror/divine power
-
Michelangelo- whys
- progression through 30 years
- divinity over humans (power)
- painted church sights
-
Roger van der Weydn&Jan van Eyck- who
- Flemish painters(equal to Italian Ren painters)
- respectively- 1399/1400-1464; 1366-1441
-
Weydn and Eyck- whats
- oil-base paints
- religious scenes--> realism/personality
- not "back to old ways"
- Descent from Cross (1435)- Wedyn- realistic, sorrow
-
Weydn and Eyck-whys
- non-comformists/not influenced-individualism
- new technology
- forward/backwards
-
Raphael Sanzio- who
- Florentine, commissioned, naturalist
- 1483-1520
-
Raphael- whats
- frescoes in apartments- devotional
- ran large workshop
- wrote on philosophy of art (nature/sequence of design)
-
Raphael- whys
- searching to "master" nature
- keeping it real
-
Leonardo da Vinci-who
- genius in many ways
- 1452-1519
-
da Vinci- whats
- painted Mona Lisa/ Last Supper (experimental paint/style..)
- studied dead bodies
- inventions: helicopter, tank, machine gun, parachute
- unfinished books/paintings
-
da Vinci-whys
- creativity
- interested in many things
- left behind a legend
-
Concordant of Bologna-who
- treaty between King Francis I and Pope Leo X
- 1516
- (french)
-
Concordant of Bologna-whats
- popes right to first of new bishops/abbots
- king select bishops/abbots
-
Concordant of Bologna-whys
- french leader control appt./policies
- peace between church and state..for now..
-
King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella- who
- king/queen of SPain, united, anti-semintism
- 1474-1516 (r)
-
King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella- whats
- 1492- conquered Granada( no more Reconquista)
- 1492- expelled Jews (150,000 out of 200,000)
- 1496- married daughter (joanna) to archduke Philip-->Iberian Peninsula united
- 1512- conquered Navarre
- right to appoint bishops in Spain &America (int'l church)
-
King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella- whys
- spread of civil tune (????)
- unification
|
|