Chapter 3: Ethical Research

Milgram's obedience study was purportedly an experiment on __________.

A)shock and memory
B)learning and shock
C)learning and reward
D)memory and learning

Which of the following is NOT one of the three basic ethical principles in the Belmont Report?

A)beneficence
B)respect for persons
C)empathy
D)justice

To be assured that research procedures have minimized risk to participants, a ___________ must be done before research can be approved.

A)plus-minus analysis
B)cost-reward analysis
C)risk-benefit analysis
D)pro-con analysis

In some cases, the risks entailed with loss of confidentiality are so great that researchers may wish to apply for a Certificate of Confidentiality from the __________.

A)U.S. Department of Health and Human Services
B)American Medical Association
C)American Psychological Association
D)Institutional Review Board

Informed consent forms should be written __________.

A)in the first person
B)using specific technical terminology
C)at a sixth to eighth grade reading level
D)in legalistic terms

Any procedure that limits an individual's freedom to consent to participate in a study can be __________.

A)a violation of confidentiality
B)potentially coercive
C)approved by the IRB
D)justified

Which of the following is TRUE about the informed consent procedure?

A)It may bias the sample and limit generalizability of the results
.B)It leads to an expectation of payment for participation.
C)It ensures that participants will give unbiased responses.
D)It is no longer routinely used in laboratory research

Which of the following is a reason for the decrease in the type of elaborate deception used in the Milgram study?

A)Researchers have become more interested in emotions rather than cognitive variables.
B)There is an increased awareness of the ethical issues relating to the use of deception.
C)Ethics committees have banned the use of deception studies.
D)both b and c

During a research study, the debriefing takes place _______.

A)as part of the informed consent procedure
B)after the completion of the study
C)before any deceptive activities begin
D)after an individual agrees to participate

The Stanford Prison Experiment is an example of a __________ study.

A)honest
B)role-playing
C)reality
D)simulation

According to the justice principle defined in the Belmont Report, any decision to include or exclude certain people from a research study must be __________.

A)approved by the American Psychological Association Ethics Committee
B)justified on scientific grounds
C)equal and fair to all participants
D)approved by the Judicial Committee of the Belmont Agency

Which of the following statements is TRUE?

A)The actual rules and regulations for the protection of human research participants were issued by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.
B)Every institution that receives federal funds must have an Institutional Review Board.
C)All research conducted at an institution is reviewed in some way by the IRB.
D)all the these

An anonymous questionnaire is usually considered __________ research.

A)exempt
B)minimal risk
C)greater than minimal risk
D)summary approval

All institutions in which animal research is carried out must have an Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee that is __________.

A)charged with conducting all animal research within the institution
B)composed of one doctor and two students
C)charged with ensuring that all regulations are adhered to
D)all the these

Fraud in the field of psychology is __________.

A)common and a major problem faced by the scientific community
B)considered to be a minor issue because it involves data, not people
C)not addressed in the APA Ethics Code
D)often detected when research results cannot be replicated

Stanley Milgram's research challenged many beliefs about the ability of individuals to resist authority.

A)True
B)False
True False

The Belmont Report's principle of autonomy states that participants are capable of making deliberate decisions about whether or not they will participate in research.

A)True
B)False
True False

The problem of deception in scientific studies is limited to laboratory research.

A)True
B)False
True False

Many psychologists believe that the problem of deception in research has been exaggerated.

A)True
B)False
True False

The most serious defect of role playing is the time it takes to complete in a laboratory setting.

A)True
B)False
True False

An example of minimal risk research is having healthy volunteers engage in moderate exercise

.A)True
B)False
True False

The IRB considers the study of normal educational practices as no risk research.

A)True
B)False
True False

Most psychologists do not support animal research.

A)True
B)False
True False

Sir Cyril Burt's report that the IQ scores of identical twins reared apart were highly similar is an example of research fraud.

A)True
B)False
True False